TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete
Guide 2024-2025
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and
other substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not
inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding
proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do
not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
peroxi de (H2O2) by
using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain
enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates
in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and
potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized
in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that
originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes
called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between
the powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm,
blocking their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the
membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates,
causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this
process.
PTS: 1 REF: PGs 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated
membrane to the cell membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a
cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the
cell membrane.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory
vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this
process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G 1
phase (G = gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and
the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is
synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein
synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the
next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic
division.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes
by acting as receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes,
and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors)
for substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or
transportation/transport channels for various electrically charged particles
called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and
monosaccharides; and
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration
of certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na +), below the
concentrations found in the extracellular environment. The other options do
not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 13 | PG 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing
drug therapy for which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is
crucial for designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features
prominently in many human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and
neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not correctly describe
this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 15
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across
the plasma
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains c. Membrane channel proteins
b. Glycoprotein channels d. Lipid bilayer
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential
functions of the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble
molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-soluble
molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a
barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing
lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to
diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly describe this
process.
PTS: 1 REF: PGs 12-13
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
a. How a cell membrane functions
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
c. How tissue is differentiated
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular
membranes, their
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The
