Anatomy and Physiology 1 Chapter 4
Marieb and Hoehn 11th Edition
Epithelial tissue - ANS - a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity
\special characteristics of epithelium - ANS - polarity, specialized contacts, supported by
connective tissue, avascular but innervated, regeneration
\classification of epithelial tissue - ANS - simple or stratified; squamous, cuboidal, or columnar
\simple squamous epithelium - ANS - one layer of flattened cells found where filtration or
exchange of substances by rapid diffusion is a priority
\simple cuboidal epithelium - ANS - single layer of cubelike cells where secretion and absorption
are priorities
\simple columnar epithelium - ANS - single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei, found
where absorption occurs, and where secretion of mucus, enzymes, or other enzymes occur
\pseudostratified columnar epithelium - ANS - tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly
shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain
glands and the upper respiratory tract and secret substances
\endothelium and mesothelium - ANS - simple squamous epithelia found in the lymphatic
vessels and all hollow organs of the cardiovascular system (endothelium) and in serous
membranes (mesothelium
\stratified squamous epithelium - ANS - several layers thick, basal cells are cuboidal or
columnar and metabolically active while surface cells are flattened and often keratinized;
functions to protect underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
\transitional epithelium - ANS - resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal is
stretch and permits storage of urine in ureters, bladder, and urethra
\stratified cuboidal and columnar - ANS - cuboidal found in ducts and glands, columnar found in
the male urethra and some other glandular ducts
\Apical vs Basal - ANS - top vs bottom
\gland - ANS - consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product
\endocrine glands - ANS - ductless, hormone produces that secret chemical messengers by
exocytosis directly into the cellular space
\exocrine glands - ANS - secrete products onto body surfaces or into body cavities
\unicellular exocrine glands - ANS - secrete via exocytosis; mucous cells and goblet cells that
produce mucin
\multicellular exocrine glands - ANS - an epithelium derived duct and a secretary unit called an
acinus, almost always surrounded by supportive connective tissue
\structural classification of multicellular exocrine glands - ANS - simple (unbranched duct) or
compound (branched duct); tubular or alveolar (or tubuloalveolar)
\modes of secretion - ANS - merocrine, apocrine, holocrine
\merocrine glands - ANS - secrete products via exocytosis
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