Foundations Of Criminology- Theories And Perspecti
Foundations of Criminology- Theories and Perspecti
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Foundations of Criminology- Theories and Perspectives Review Questions Answered Correctly Latest Version
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Foundations of Criminology- Theories and Perspecti
Institution
Foundations Of Criminology- Theories And Perspecti
Foundations of Criminology- Theories and Perspectives Review Questions Answered Correctly Latest Version
Demonic Perspective - Answers Crime viewed as a supernatural force requiring harsh sanctions.
Classical Theory - Answers Developed in late 1700s, emphasizes rational choice in crime.
Posit...
Foundations of Criminology- Theories and Perspectives Review Questions Answered Correctly Latest
Version 2024-2025
Demonic Perspective - Answers Crime viewed as a supernatural force requiring harsh sanctions.
Classical Theory - Answers Developed in late 1700s, emphasizes rational choice in crime.
Positivist School - Answers Emerged in late 1800s, challenges rational choice theory.
Cesare Beccaria - Answers Key figure in classical theory advocating rational crime choices.
Expected Utility Function - Answers Crime occurs when perceived pleasures outweigh potential pains.
Punishment Deterrence - Answers Effective punishments must be known, certain, swift, severe.
Lombroso's Theory - Answers Criminals are biologically different, not rational individuals.
Born Criminals - Answers Lombroso's concept of offenders with primitive biological traits.
Biological Traits - Answers Physical features linked to criminality, like large jaws.
Scientific Method - Answers Cycle of hypothesis, experiments, data, and findings.
Strengths of Classical Theory - Answers Foundation for legal systems; emphasizes rational decision-
making.
Strengths of Positivist Theory - Answers Focuses on external forces causing crime; scientific reliance.
Weakness of Classical Theory - Answers Assumes all individuals equally motivated by self-interest.
Weakness of Positivist Theory - Answers Overly simplistic, emphasizes biological traits too heavily.
Social Disorganization Theory - Answers Higher juvenile delinquency rates in disorganized inner-city
areas.
Shaw and McKay - Answers Pioneers in social disorganization theory and urban crime.
Macro Level Theories - Answers Focus on societal factors influencing crime, not individuals.
Social Change Impact - Answers Urbanization led to increased crime through social disorganization.
Crime Rates - Answers Positivist school arose due to rising crime despite reforms.
Enlightenment Era - Answers Period that challenged demonic perspectives, promoting rational thought.
Crime as Choice - Answers Classical theory posits crime results from rational decision-making.
Biological Research Methods - Answers Lombroso's methods revived interest in biology's role in crime.
, Limitations of Lombroso's Findings - Answers Biology influences traits, not a direct cause of crime.
Concentrated Crime Rates - Answers Crime rates are focused in specific areas.
Weak Social Institutions - Answers Insufficient families, schools, and community organizations.
Social Disorganization Theory - Answers Crime explained by area features, not individuals.
Concentrated Poverty - Answers High poverty levels weaken community social networks.
Residential Mobility - Answers Frequent moving disrupts community stability and ties.
Ethnic Diversity - Answers Varied ethnic groups can weaken social cohesion.
Collective Efficacy - Answers Community's ability to maintain informal social control.
Legal Cynicism - Answers Perception of law as illegitimate and ineffective.
Sampson, Raudenbush, Earls Study - Answers Examined human development in Chicago neighborhoods.
Differential Association Theory - Answers Criminal behavior learned through intimate group interactions.
Edwin Sutherland - Answers Developed differential association theory in 1939.
Nine Propositions of Sutherland - Answers Outlines how deviance is learned through communication.
Micro-Level Sociological Theory - Answers Focuses on individual interactions and behaviors.
Adler's Critique - Answers Early experiences significantly impact criminal development.
Akers' Revision - Answers Extended differential learning theory from 1966 to 2009.
Cultural Influence on Crime - Answers Culture shapes definitions and perceptions of crime.
Informal Social Control - Answers Community members regulate behavior without formal authority.
Neighborhood Violence - Answers Results from legal cynicism and concentrated disadvantage.
Coercive Authority - Answers Power exercised through intimidation and harassment.
Strategies of Action - Answers Responses to perceived legal inadequacies in communities.
Learning to be Criminal - Answers Criminal behavior is acquired through social learning.
Social Networks - Answers Connections among individuals that influence behavior.
Shared Goals - Answers Common objectives that strengthen community bonds.
Sutherland's Theory - Answers Focuses on social learning and definitions of crime.
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