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Samenvatting celbiologie 1 hoofdstuk 2: de chemie van de cel
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Een samenvatting van hoofdstuk 2: 'de chemie van de cel' uit het vak celbiologie 1 in de eerste bachelor geneeskunde aan de KU Leuven.
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2: chemie van de celCelbiologie 1: Hoofdstuk 2 de chemie van de cel
Atomen in het lichaam
- Koolstof (C) vormt covalente bindingen
- Zuurstof (O)
- Waterstof (H)
- Stikstof (N)
Covalente bindingen
Energierijke bindingen tussen koolstofatomen en andere atomen of zichzelf
UV-licht versus infrarood licht
Infrarood licht langere golflengte minder energetisch
UV-licht kortere golflengte energetisch genoeg om covalente bindingen te
breken
Functionele groepen
Geladen groepen
Carboxyl = negatief
Fosfaat = negatief
Amino = positief
Polaire groepen (= neutraal in geheel maar lading is asymmetrisch verdeeld)
Hydroxyl, carbonyl,…
Stereo-isomeren
Spiegelbeelden met zelfde bouwstenen ANDERE WERKING
Water in cellen
Polaire molecule
1/10 zo sterk als covalente bindingen maar door groot aantal toch sterk
Henderson-Hasselbach vergelijking:
HA H+ + A-
[H ] x[ A]
K=
[HA ]
[ HA ]
pH = -log K – log
[A]
[ A]
= pK + log
[ HA ]
Zwakke zuren en zwakke basen = buffers (houden pH in de cel stabiel)
Membranen
Selectieve permeabiliteit regelt celinhoud en concentratie gradiënt
Fosfolipiden dubbellaag (polaire hoofdjes naar buiten apolaire staarten naar binnen)
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