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Samenvatting - Gender -en diversiteitsstudies
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Gender- en diversiteitsstudiesSemester 1 – 2024
Voor het examen: teksten lezen. Vooral het hoofdargument van de tekst
begrijpen en kennen.
Examen = enkele korte theoretische vragen + twee open vragen waarin
zaken geargumenteerd moeten worden en waar er linken moeten gelegd
hebben.
Inhoud
1. Gender................................................................................................................ 5
1.1. Het concept gender...................................................................................... 5
1.2. Geschiedenis van gender............................................................................. 5
1.2.1. John Money (1921 – 2006)......................................................................6
1.2.2. Robbert Stoller (1924 – 1991)................................................................6
1.2.3. Man/vrouw zijn als culturele constructie................................................7
1.2.4. Introductie van gender in feministische literatuur (jaren 60 – 70).........9
1.2.5. Culturele verklaringen voor de onderdrukking van vrouwen................10
1.2.6. Verschildenken..................................................................................... 10
1.2.7. Vrouwenstudies vs. Genderstudies......................................................11
1.2.8. Invraagstelling van categorie “vrouw’ (jaren 80).................................11
1.2.9. Joan Scott, gender, a useful category of historical analysis (1986)......13
1.2.10. Gender als performance (jaren 90)....................................................14
1.2.11. Kritiek op oppositie sekse/gender (jaren 2000)..................................16
2. Diversiteit......................................................................................................... 17
2.1. Wat is diversiteit?....................................................................................... 17
2.2. Diversiteit in het publieke domein..............................................................17
2.3. Diversiteit in regelgeving en wetten..........................................................17
2.4. Diversiteit in de wetenschappen................................................................18
2.5. Diversiteit in gender................................................................................... 18
2.6. Diversiteit binnen dit vak........................................................................... 19
2.6.1. Wat is diversiteit?................................................................................. 19
3. Intersectionaliteit............................................................................................. 19
3.1. Ontstaan intersectionaliteit........................................................................19
3.2. Black feminism........................................................................................... 20
3.3. Intersectionele theorie............................................................................... 20
3. Kernideeën van intersectionaliteit....................................................................20
3.1. Rol van privileges: mannelijkheid, witheid en heteroseksualiteit...............21
1
, 3.1.1. Rol van privilege................................................................................... 21
4. Controverses rond intersectionaliteit+.............................................................21
5. intersectionaliteit als een methode..................................................................22
5.1. de rol van standpunt theorie......................................................................22
5.2. Intersectionality as a method (Mackinnon, 2013)......................................22
5.3. intersectionaliteit: ‘asking the other question’ (Matsuda, 1991)................23
5.4. intersectionaliteit in de praktijk..................................................................23
5.5. een nieuw intersectioneel model (De vries, 2015).....................................23
5.5.1. de toepassing van het model De vries.................................................23
6. conclusie.......................................................................................................... 24
7. Gender, diversiteit en het lichaam...................................................................24
7.1. Body positivity............................................................................................ 24
7.2. ontstaan en ontwikkeling van BPB.............................................................25
7.2.1. fat acceptance movement...................................................................25
7.2.2. feministische en black awareness activism..........................................25
7.2.3. Feministische literatuur........................................................................26
7.2.4. De BPM................................................................................................. 26
7.2.5. Kritieken op BP..................................................................................... 27
8. Variaties in geslachtskenmerken......................................................................29
8.1. definities en terminologie...........................................................................29
8.1.1. variaties in geslachtskenmerken..........................................................29
8.2. denken over interseke................................................................................ 29
8.2.1. oudheid en middeleeuwen...................................................................29
8.2.2. 17de en 18de eeuw................................................................................ 29
8.2.3. laat 18de- begin 19de eeuw....................................................................29
8.2.4. Tweede helft 20ste eeuw........................................................................30
8.2.4. intersekse activisme in de jaren ‘90.....................................................30
8.2.5. shift in beleid vanaf 2005.....................................................................30
8.2.6. gebruikte terminologie.........................................................................31
8.2.7. evolutie naar een patient-gecentreerde zorg.......................................31
8.3. ervaringen en visies van intersekse personen...........................................31
8.3.1. gevoel tov overkoepelende term..........................................................31
8.3.2. stigma.................................................................................................. 32
8.3.3. openheid over de conditie....................................................................32
9. Gender, ras en etniciteit................................................................................... 32
9.1. niveaus van intersectionele analyse (anthias, 2013).................................32
9.1.1. het concept ‘ras’.................................................................................. 33
2
, 9.1.2. het concept etniciteit...........................................................................33
9.2. Case studies............................................................................................... 33
9.2.1. Ongelijkheid en discriminatie in prekoloniaal, koloniaal en onafhankelijk
Rwanda.......................................................................................................... 33
9.2.2. Zuid-Afrika............................................................................................ 38
10. Culturele diversiteit en transnationaal feminisme..........................................42
10.1. Wat zijn HCP/SCP?.................................................................................... 42
10.1.1. CEDAW 1979...................................................................................... 42
10.2. moeilijkheden voor studie van HCP..........................................................43
10.3. FGC in Egypte........................................................................................... 43
10.3.1. Wat is FGM/C...................................................................................... 43
10.3.2. FGC, feminisme en antropologie........................................................43
10.3.2. Contexten en betekenissen van FGC (hangt af van land tot land).....43
10.3.3. Contextualiseren van campagnes: koloniale periode.........................44
10.3.4. Antropologische kritiek van anti-FGC campagnes..............................44
10.3.5. Naar een relationele benadering........................................................44
10.3.6. The politics of comparison (Pedwell)..................................................45
10.4. Case studie: anti-FGC in Egypte...............................................................45
10.4.1. Vormen van activisme........................................................................45
10.4.2. Politics of awareness-raising..............................................................46
10.5. Vroege huwelijken onder Syrische vluchtelingen in Jordanië....................47
11. Gender en seksualiteit: queer studies............................................................47
11.1. Wat is queer?............................................................................................ 47
11.2. Queerstudies............................................................................................ 47
12. Leeftijdsstudies............................................................................................... 48
12.1. Leeftijd en queer studies..........................................................................48
12.2. Queer studies: later-in-life intimacies.......................................................49
12.3. Conclusie.................................................................................................. 49
13. Een geschiedenis van ‘ras’............................................................................. 50
13.1. It’s not about what race is but about what race does (Lentin, 2015).......50
13.2. Wat doet ‘ras’?......................................................................................... 50
13.3. De uitvinding van het ras.........................................................................50
13.3.1. Middeleeuwen.................................................................................... 50
13.3.2. Verlichting: 17de en 18de eeuw............................................................52
13.4. De uitvinding van ras en witheid..............................................................52
13.5. 18de en 19de eeuw: politieke economie.....................................................53
13.6. Wetenschappelijk racisme, cultureel racisme en het begrip ‘ras’.............54
3
, 13.7. Eerste wereldoorlog, 1914-1918..............................................................55
13.8. Tweede wereldoorlog, 1939-1945.............................................................56
13.9. Na de tweede wereldoorlog, 1945-1975...................................................56
13.10. Conclusie; wat ras doet..........................................................................56
14. Sociale rechten............................................................................................... 56
14.1. Historische oorsprong, transformaties en hedendaagse uitdagingen.......56
14.2. onderbescherming/ niet-opname rechten................................................57
14.3. Burgerschap............................................................................................. 57
14.4. geleefd burgerschap................................................................................ 57
14.5. sociaalwerkperspectief............................................................................. 58
15. Dak-en thuisloosheid bij jongvolwassenen: cijfers en geleefde ervaringen van
jongeren............................................................................................................... 58
16. Gender, religie en nieuw rechts......................................................................60
16.1. secularisme en post-secularisme.............................................................60
16.1.1. Religious agency herzien....................................................................60
16.1.2. Islam in een seculiere samenleving...................................................61
16.2. Islamofobie als vorm van racisme............................................................61
16.2.1. Runnymede trust definitie (1997)......................................................62
16.2.2. Wat is islamofobie.............................................................................. 62
16.3. Islamofobie als vorm van racisme............................................................63
16.4. Islamofobie als governmentality.............................................................64
16.5. Islamofobie in Vlaanderen (case study)....................................................64
16.6. rechts: instrumentalisering van vrouwenrechten en anti-gender
mobilisatie......................................................................................................... 65
16.6.1. homonationalisme.............................................................................. 65
16.6.2. femonationalisme............................................................................... 66
16.6.3. anti-gender bewegingen....................................................................66
17. Inleiding tot trans studies & trans poëtica......................................................66
17.1. Trans studies............................................................................................ 66
17.2. Trans-…?................................................................................................... 66
17.3. Trans als categorie................................................................................... 67
17.4. Korte geschiedenis................................................................................... 67
17.5. trans studies............................................................................................. 69
17.6. Trans studies: voor wie?........................................................................... 69
17.7. trans narratieven en literatuur................................................................69
17.7.1. Vergelijking met Frankenstein............................................................70
17.2. Poezië....................................................................................................... 70
18. Disability studies............................................................................................ 71
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