This document contains a comprehensive set of detailed notes taken from the textbook for PSY 324 (Biological Psychology). The notes summarize key concepts, theories, and findings discussed in the chapters required for the course, providing a structured and accessible resource for studying or review...
• Originally believed that everything slowed down/stopped initially
• Not a simple reduction of activity
• More activity during wakefulness doesn’t mean we sleep longer/more
• There are more mechanisms that relate to sleep/arousal than originally thought
• Sleep is not passive
• Enigma
• Sleep important for several things
• Motor vehicle accidents
○ Mean age was 30
○ Of 957 people, 74-80% had near crashes at night
○ Night shifts are problematic
○ Greater ability to overcome drowsiness
○ MVA were positively correlated with number of night shifts worked
• Two days without sleep will throw your system off- 1 day wont
• Restoration provides growth
○ Stages 3-4- hormones increase
○ Healing, production of neurons
○ Rejuvenates everything
○ Affects immune system functioning
○ 1 night doesn’t do much impact- you do recover from it
• Energy conservation
○ Conserve energy through mitochondria
○ Adaptive for animals
○ Animals who are food for other animals get less sleep
• Memory consolidation
○ Forgetfulness
○ Slow wave sleep- declarative memory
○ REM sleep- spatial/procedural memory
○ Effortful activity is increased after you sleep- your better able to retain information (if its not
memorizing material)
▪ Memorizing doesn’t matter with amount of sleep
▪ Some people do not believe memory is involved in sleep
• National Sleep Foundation
○ Adults need 7-9 hours for optimal performance/safety
▪ Sleep debt- sleep deprivation
○ Pull off road
○ Caffeine takes 30 minutes to kick in
○ Less sleep = larger sleep debt
○ Blood pressure can raise
○ Impairs body for insulin
○ Sleep patterns do not change
▪ Older people may wake more but they still only need 7-9 hours
▪ They may make up for this by taking naps
○ Drift from REM + NREM- 90 minute cycle
▪ Stages 3-4- awakening is hard (however, mind is still processing information)
Sleep Deprivation
Biological Psychology Page 1
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