Upper Limb Study Guide
Parts of the Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus, Ulna, and Radius
1. Scapula:
○ Parts: Spine, acromion, coracoid process, glenoid cavity, supraspinous fossa,
infraspinous fossa, subscapular fossa, superior angle, inferior angle, medial
border, lateral border.
○ Description: The scapula is a flat triangular bone situated at the posterior thorax,
critical for shoulder articulation and muscle attachment.
2. Clavicle:
○Parts: Sternal end, acromial end, conoid tubercle, and shaft.
○Description: Acts as a strut between the scapula and sternum, facilitating upper
limb mobility and stability.
3. Humerus:
○ Parts: Head, anatomical neck, surgical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle,
intertubercular sulcus, deltoid tuberosity, medial and lateral epicondyles, trochlea,
capitulum, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa.
○ Description: The longest bone in the upper limb, articulating proximally with the
scapula and distally with the ulna and radius.
4. Ulna:
○ Parts: Olecranon process, coronoid process, trochlear notch, radial notch, ulnar
tuberosity, styloid process.
○ Description: Medial forearm bone, forming a hinge joint with the humerus at the
elbow.
5. Radius:
○ Parts: Head, neck, radial tuberosity, styloid process, ulnar notch.
○ Description: Lateral forearm bone, critical for wrist rotation and articulation with
the ulna and carpal bones.
Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
● Carpals: Eight small bones arranged in two rows (proximal: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum,
pisiform; distal: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate).
● Metacarpals: Five bones in the palm, numbered I-V starting from the thumb.
● Phalanges: Fourteen bones in the fingers (proximal, middle, distal for fingers; thumb
has only proximal and distal).
Clinical Significance of Humerus Fractures