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Samenvatting - Recht
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Samenvatting Recht 1e jaar bedrijfsmanagement Arteveldehogeschool
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DEEL 1: Inleiding tot het recht........................................................................................................................ 61. Algemene inleiding.................................................................................................................................... 6
Verantwoording................................................................................................................................................6
Wat is recht?.....................................................................................................................................................6
2. Indelingen van het recht............................................................................................................................. 7
Privaat recht – publiek recht............................................................................................................................7
Internationaal recht – nationaal recht..............................................................................................................7
Objectief recht – subjectief recht.....................................................................................................................7
Materieel – formeel recht................................................................................................................................8
3. Bronnen van het recht................................................................................................................................ 8
Wetgeving sensu lato (bindende bron = moet gerespecteerd wn)..................................................................8
Rechtspraak....................................................................................................................................................10
Rechtsleer.......................................................................................................................................................10
Gewoonte.......................................................................................................................................................10
Algemene rechtsbeginselen...........................................................................................................................10
4. Structuren en instellingen......................................................................................................................... 10
Algemene beginselen.....................................................................................................................................10
Federale politieke instellingen - Federaal parlement en - Regering...............................................................11
Federale WM..............................................................................................................................................11
Bevoegdheden federaal parlement.......................................................................................................11
Federale UM...............................................................................................................................................11
Bevoegdheden federale regering..........................................................................................................11
Regionale politieke instellingen - Gemeenschappen.....................................................................................12
Gemeenschappen WM..............................................................................................................................12
Gemeenschappen UM...............................................................................................................................12
Bevoegdheden gemeenschappen.........................................................................................................12
Regionale politieke instellingen - Gewesten...................................................................................................12
Gewesten WM............................................................................................................................................12
Gewesten UM.............................................................................................................................................12
Bevoegdheden Gewesten......................................................................................................................12
Beginselen van de bevoegdheidsverdeling....................................................................................................13
5. Rechtshandhaving.................................................................................................................................... 13
Enkele gerechtelijke functies..........................................................................................................................13
Burgerlijke procedure (Eerste aanleg)............................................................................................................13
Rechtsingang op tegenspraak....................................................................................................................13
Inleidende zitting........................................................................................................................................14
Conclusies...................................................................................................................................................14
Instaatstelling.............................................................................................................................................14
Terechtzitting..............................................................................................................................................14
Vonnis.........................................................................................................................................................14
Strafprocedure................................................................................................................................................15
Rechtsmiddelen..............................................................................................................................................15
Gewone gerechtsmiddelen: Verzet en hoger beroep................................................................................15
Verzet:....................................................................................................................................................15
Hoger beroep.........................................................................................................................................15
Buitengewone rechtsmiddelen – Cassatieberoep.....................................................................................15
Bevoegdheid van de rechtbanken..................................................................................................................16
Rechtbanken en hoven - enkele begrippen....................................................................................................16
Organisatie van de rechtbanken over het Belgisch grondgebied...................................................................16
1
, Vredegerecht..............................................................................................................................................16
Politierechtbank.........................................................................................................................................17
Rechtbank van 1e aanleg (verschillende rechtbanken)..............................................................................17
Familierechtbank en - jeugdrechtbank..................................................................................................17
Burgerlijke rechtbank.............................................................................................................................17
Correctionele rechtbank........................................................................................................................17
Strafuitvoeringsrechtbank.....................................................................................................................18
Ondernemingsrechtbank...........................................................................................................................18
Arbeidsrechtbank.......................................................................................................................................18
Arrondissementsrechtbank........................................................................................................................18
Hof van Beroep...........................................................................................................................................18
Arbeidshof..................................................................................................................................................18
Hof van Assisen..........................................................................................................................................18
Hof van Cassatie.........................................................................................................................................19
Bijzondere instellingen: Raad van State - Grondwettelijk Hof........................................................................19
Grondwettelijk Hof.....................................................................................................................................19
Raad van State............................................................................................................................................19
DEEL 2: Personen, familie- en relatievermogensrecht....................................................................................20
1. Personenrecht.......................................................................................................................................... 20
Begrip en soorten...........................................................................................................................................20
Staat van personen.........................................................................................................................................20
Begrip en verkrijging..................................................................................................................................20
Kenmerken van staat..................................................................................................................................20
Elementen van staat...................................................................................................................................20
Naam......................................................................................................................................................20
Geslacht.................................................................................................................................................21
Woonplaats............................................................................................................................................21
Nationaliteit...........................................................................................................................................21
Handelings(on)bekwaam.......................................................................................................................21
Persoonlijke publiciteit - burgerlijke stand.....................................................................................................22
Personenbescherming: persoonlijkheidsrechten...........................................................................................22
2. Familierecht............................................................................................................................................. 22
Wie is familie?................................................................................................................................................22
Huwelijk..........................................................................................................................................................23
Voorwaarden..............................................................................................................................................23
Sancties bij niet-naleving voorwaarden.....................................................................................................23
Vormvereisten............................................................................................................................................23
Gevolgen huwelijk – primair stelsel...........................................................................................................23
Huwelijksplichten...................................................................................................................................23
Hoofdelijkheid........................................................................................................................................24
Vrijheid van beroep en autonomie in bankzaken..................................................................................24
Dringende maatregelen.........................................................................................................................24
Echtscheiding..................................................................................................................................................24
Vormen van echtscheiding.........................................................................................................................24
Echtscheiding op grond van onherstelbare ontwrichting van het huwelijk..........................................24
Echtscheiding door onderlinge toestemming........................................................................................25
Samenwoning buiten het huwelijk.................................................................................................................25
Wettelijke samenwoning............................................................................................................................25
Feitelijke samenwoning..............................................................................................................................25
Relatie tussen ouders en kinderen.................................................................................................................25
Ouderlijk gezag...........................................................................................................................................25
Onderhoudsverplichtingen en omgangsrecht................................................................................................26
Onderhoudsverplichtingen........................................................................................................................26
2
, Omgangsrecht............................................................................................................................................26
3. Relatievermogensrecht/ huwelijksvermogensrecht...................................................................................26
Wettelijk stelsel (= in huwelijk).......................................................................................................................27
Samenstelling vd vermogens.....................................................................................................................27
Bestuur van de vermogens.........................................................................................................................27
Verhaal van de schuldeisers.......................................................................................................................28
Ontbinding wettelijk stelsel........................................................................................................................28
Huwelijkscontracten/ huwelijksovereenkomsten..........................................................................................28
Algemene inhoud.......................................................................................................................................28
Huwelijkscontracten – scheiding van goederen.........................................................................................28
Huwelijkscontracten – algehele gemeenschap – Beding tot uitbreiding vd gemeenschappelijke baten..29
Wettelijke en feitelijke samenwoners.............................................................................................................29
DEEL 3: Goederenrecht................................................................................................................................. 29
1. Goederen: soorten en belang................................................................................................................... 29
Onroerende goederen....................................................................................................................................29
Roerende goederen........................................................................................................................................30
Belang onderscheid RG - OG..........................................................................................................................30
Gebruiksgoederen/ verbruiksgoederen.........................................................................................................30
Zaken in en buiten de handel.........................................................................................................................31
Publieke goederen/ domeingoederen............................................................................................................31
2. Zakelijke rechten...................................................................................................................................... 31
Begrip, kenmerk en soorten...........................................................................................................................31
Eigendomsrecht: begrip en samenstelling.....................................................................................................31
Vruchtgebruik.................................................................................................................................................32
Kenmerken.................................................................................................................................................32
Totstandkoming..........................................................................................................................................32
Rechten en plichten vruchtgebruiker.........................................................................................................32
Erfdienstbaarheden........................................................................................................................................33
Kenmerken erfdienstbaarheden................................................................................................................33
DEEL 4: Nalatenschappen, schenkingen en testamenten...............................................................................33
1. Het intestaat erfrecht............................................................................................................................... 33
Enkele inleidende begrippen..........................................................................................................................33
Wie zijn wettelijke erfgenamen?....................................................................................................................34
Aanvaarden of verwerpen van nalatenschap?...............................................................................................34
Wettelijk samenwonenden.............................................................................................................................34
Onbeheerde nalatenschap.............................................................................................................................34
2. Schenkingen en testamenten.................................................................................................................... 35
Schenking........................................................................................................................................................35
Voorwaarden schenking.............................................................................................................................35
Vorm...........................................................................................................................................................35
Testament.......................................................................................................................................................35
Soorten.......................................................................................................................................................35
Inhoud........................................................................................................................................................35
Afstammelingen.........................................................................................................................................35
Onderscheid schenking – testament..............................................................................................................36
DEEL 5: Verbintenissen................................................................................................................................. 36
3
, 1. Definitie - natuurlijke verbintenis - aanvullend recht.................................................................................36
Verbintenis......................................................................................................................................................36
Natuurlijke verbintenis...................................................................................................................................36
Aanvullend recht.............................................................................................................................................36
2. Bronnen van verbintenissen..................................................................................................................... 36
Rechtshandeling.............................................................................................................................................36
Contracten..................................................................................................................................................36
Soorten..................................................................................................................................................37
Totstandkoming van contract................................................................................................................37
Interpretatie en kwalificatie van het contract.......................................................................................38
Gevolgen vh contract tss partijen..........................................................................................................38
Niet – nakoming van contractuele verbintenissen van de schuldenaar................................................38
Gevolg van het contract voor derden....................................................................................................38
Eenzijdige rechtshandeling........................................................................................................................39
Rechtsfeiten....................................................................................................................................................39
Zaakwaarneming........................................................................................................................................39
Onverschuldigde betaling...........................................................................................................................39
Ongerechtvaardigde verrijking...................................................................................................................39
3. Algemeen regime van de verbintenis........................................................................................................ 39
Verbintenis met pluraliteit van de subjecten.................................................................................................39
Nakoming van de verbintenis: betaling..........................................................................................................39
Niet-nakoming van de verbintenis..................................................................................................................40
DEEL 6: De onrechtmatige daad.................................................................................................................... 40
1. Terminologie en overzicht van de materie.................................................................................................40
2. Verantwoordelijkheid voor de eigen onrechtmatige daad.........................................................................40
3. Uitgebreide aansprakelijkheid wegens onrechtmatige daad......................................................................41
Aansprakelijkheid voor andermans daad.......................................................................................................41
Aansprakelijkheid van de ouders...............................................................................................................41
Aansprakelijkheid van de onderwijzers en ambachtlieden........................................................................41
Aansprakelijkheid van de aanstellers.........................................................................................................41
DEEL 7: Bijzondere overeenkomsten............................................................................................................. 42
1. Koop........................................................................................................................................................ 42
Begrip..............................................................................................................................................................42
Geldigheidsvoorwaarden................................................................................................................................42
Vorm en bewijs...............................................................................................................................................43
Verplichting van de verkoper..........................................................................................................................43
Verplichtingen van de koper...........................................................................................................................44
2. Huur........................................................................................................................................................ 44
Definitie..........................................................................................................................................................44
Vormvereisten................................................................................................................................................44
Soorten huur...................................................................................................................................................45
Gemene huur..................................................................................................................................................45
Verplichtingen verhuurder.........................................................................................................................45
Verplichtingen van de huurder...................................................................................................................45
Duur en beëindiging...................................................................................................................................46
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