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Notes de cours Neurophysiologie

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CM2 neuroanatomie (CM2 neuroanatomie)

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  • December 26, 2024
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CM2 : Neuroanatomie fonctionnelle

2) Système nerveux périphérique (SNP)

2.1) SNP somatique. Nerfs spinaux

Nerfs Spinaux (rachidiens) = 31 paires

Les nerfs sont les fibres motrices et sensitives.
La moelle spinale est protégée par les vertèbres.

Sensitif, dorsal
Moteur, ventral

Les infos sensitives rentrent du côté dorsal et sortent du côté ventral

Nerf spinal = nerf mixte (sensitif et moteur)

Un nerf moteur est un ensemble d’axones de motoneurones, ils innervent
les muscles et permettent les mouvements.

Le nerf brachial innerve les mouvements des bras.
Le nerf sciatique innerve les mouvements des jambes et du dos.

Une douleur du nerf sciatique passe tout le long de la jambe.

Nerf moteur et jonction neuromusculaire :
Axone = fibre motrice

Dermatomes = zone cutanée innervée par les fibres nerveuses sensitives
d’une seule racine nerveuse. Définissent des territoires corporels. Cette
innervation sert à la contraction de nos muscles.

Réception d’information sensible et douloureuse, terminaisons
nerveuses sensibles, dendrites des neurones sensitifs
Neurones en T, ganglion spinal ou rachidien, fibres nerveuses afférentes

Les nerfs de la queue de cheval : sortent de la moelle épinière vers le
bas du corps, en formant une queue de cheval. On peut y faire des
prélèvements de liquide céphalo-rachidien.




2.2) SNP autonome (ou végétatif)

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