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Ethiek en deontologie uitgebreide samenvatting met inhoudstafel
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Samenvatting van het vak ethiek en deontologie met een uitgebreid inhoudstafel. Met deze samenvatting geslaagd in eerste zit! (15/
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INHOUDSTAFELLes 1: Inleidende les............................................................................................................................................... 13
1. De basisbeginselen .......................................................................................................................................13
1.1 Ethiek ......................................................................................................................................................13
1.1.1. Moraal ≠ ethiek ..............................................................................................................................13
1.1.2. Normen – er zijn 3 soorten ............................................................................................................14
1.1.3. Deugd .............................................................................................................................................14
1.1.4. Ethiek – er zijn 4 soorten................................................................................................................15
1.2 Deontologie.............................................................................................................................................15
1.2.1. Wat is deontologie? .......................................................................................................................15
1.2.2. Toenemende aandacht voor de deontologie .................................................................................15
1.2.3. Redenen waarom deontologie toenemend belang heeft – er zijn 4 redenen
deontologie binnen een evoluerende en steeds complexere samenleving ............................................. 16
1.2.3.1. Professionalisering van de hulpverlening: beroepsgeheim i.p.v. vrijwilligers/religieuzen ....16
1.2.3.2. Verdwijnen van het “colloque singulier”................................................................................16
1.2.3.3 Emancipatie van cliënten ........................................................................................................17
1.2.3.4 Toegenomen aandacht voor kwaliteitszorg: nood aan dossiervorming + informatisering .....17
1.2.3.5 Impact van sociale media en roep naar openbaarheid en transformatie .....................................17
1.3 Het “pedagogisch handelen” ..................................................................................................................17
1.3.1. Ethisch dilemma .............................................................................................................................17
1.4 Beroepscode voor pedagogen? ..............................................................................................................18
1.4.1. Eed van Hippocrates.......................................................................................................................18
1.4.2. Artseneed van de Orde van Geneesheren .....................................................................................19
1.4.3. Kenmerken van beroepscodes .......................................................................................................19
1.4.4. Afdwingbaarheid? ..........................................................................................................................20
2. Oefening ethische dilemma’s .......................................................................................................................21
2.1. Casus: De familie Tomaselli....................................................................................................................21
2.2. Casus: Verplichte screening longkanker?...............................................................................................21
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,Les 2: Ethische theorieën (Beauchamp & Childress) ........................................................................................... 22
1. Inleiding en situering ....................................................................................................................................22
1.1. Ethisch handelen? ..................................................................................................................................22
1.2. Vrijheid ...................................................................................................................................................23
1.3. Gelijkheid ...............................................................................................................................................23
1.4. solidariteit .............................................................................................................................................24
2. Ethische theorieën .........................................................................................................................................25
2.1. Er zijn 5 stromingen in ethische theorievorming ...................................................................................25
2.2. Kenmerken van een goede ethische theorie .........................................................................................25
2.3. Beoordelingscriteria voor ethische theorieën .......................................................................................25
2.4. De stromingen .......................................................................................................................................26
2.4.1. Utilitarisme ....................................................................................................................................26
2.4.1.1. Kritieken op gevolgenethiek ...................................................................................................27
2.4.2. Kantianisme (plichtenethiek)..........................................................................................................27
2.4.2.1. Kritieken op plichtenethiek ....................................................................................................28
2.4.3. Liberaal individualisme (rechtenethiek) .........................................................................................28
2.4.3.1. Kritieken rechtenethiek ...........................................................................................................29
2.4.4. Communitarisme (gemeenschapsethiek) ......................................................................................29
2.4.4.1. Kritieken op samenlevingsethiek ............................................................................................29
2.4.5. Zorgethiek ......................................................................................................................................30
2.4.5.1. Vier fasen van ‘zorgen’ (Tronto, 1993) ...................................................................................30
2.4.5.2. Kritieken op de zorgethiek ....................................................................................................31
3. Toepassing ethische theorieën: orgaandonatie ...........................................................................................31
3.1. Casus Frauke ..........................................................................................................................................31
3.1.1. Utilitaristisch perspectief ...............................................................................................................32
3.1.2. Kantiaans perspectief .....................................................................................................................32
3.1.3. Liberaal, individualistisch perspectief ............................................................................................32
3.1.4. Communitaristisch perspectief ......................................................................................................33
3.1.5. Zorgethisch perspectief ..................................................................................................................33
4. Welke ethische stromingen erkennen we in de volgende zinnen? ..............................................................34
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,Les 3: Kinderrechten als ethisch referentiekader voor het pedagogisch handelen ........................................... 35
1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................35
2. Kinderen in de ethische theorievorming ......................................................................................................37
2.1 Moderne ethische theorieën: afwezigheid van kinderen .......................................................................37
2.1.1. John Locke ......................................................................................................................................37
2.1.2. Jean Jacques Rousseau...................................................................................................................37
2.1.3. John Stuart Mill ..............................................................................................................................37
2.2. Conclusie ................................................................................................................................................37
3. De Kinderrechtenbeweging .......................................................................................................................... 39
3.1 De beschermingsbeweging .....................................................................................................................39
3.2 De kinderbevrijdingsbeweging ................................................................................................................40
3.3 De kinderrechtenbeweging .....................................................................................................................40
3.4. Het Verdrag inzake de rechten van het Kind .........................................................................................41
4. Kinderrechten als ethisch referentiekader: actuele thema’s .......................................................................42
4.1 Zelfbeschikking – toestemmingsrecht – oordeelsvermogen – wilsbekwaamheid ..................................42
4.3. Wettelijke en ethische interpretatie ......................................................................................................42
4.3.1. Artikel 4 Decreet rechtspositie van de minderjarige in de integrale jeugdhulp ............................42
4.3.2. Artikel 12 Wet patiëntenrechten ...................................................................................................43
4.3.3. Afwegen wat pedagogisch meest aangewezen is ..........................................................................43
4.3.4. Passieve geïnformeerde toestemming (bv. agressiecontroletraining bij 10-jarigen op school) ....43
5. Kinderrechten als ethisch referentiekader: discussie ....................................................................................44
5.1 Mythe van rationeel mensbeeld .............................................................................................................44
5.2 Homogenisering van autonoom kindbeeld .............................................................................................44
5.3 Autonomie als individuele verantwoordelijkheid ...................................................................................44
5.4 Juridisering ..............................................................................................................................................44
5.5. Conclusie ................................................................................................................................................45
5.5.1. Differentiebenadering ....................................................................................................................45
Les 4: Beroepsethiek in sociaal werk en hulpverlening ........................................................................................ 46
1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................46
1.1. Zorgverleners aan het woord ................................................................................................................46
1.2. Maar ook................................................................................................................................................47
1.3. Verhalen van cliënten over de jeugdzorg ..............................................................................................47
1.3.1. Fragment uit de VS.........................................................................................................................47
1.3.2. Fragment van bij ons ......................................................................................................................48
1.4. Wat kan (niet)? ......................................................................................................................................48
1.5. Waarden, normen en regels ..................................................................................................................48
1.5.1. Waardenoriëntatie .........................................................................................................................48
1.5.2. Voorbeeld .......................................................................................................................................49
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, 1.6. Beroepsethiek en ethische stromingen .................................................................................................50
1.7. Hedendaagse beroepsethiek .................................................................................................................50
1.7.1. Toegepaste ethiek ..........................................................................................................................50
1.7.2. Deontologische code VVO..............................................................................................................51
1.7.3. Normatieve professionaliteit ...........................................................................................................52
1.7.3.1. ‘Het juiste goed doen’ of ‘het goede juist doen’ ....................................................................52
1.7.4. Pleidooi voor zorgethiek ..................................................................................................................53
1.7.5. Nood aan ethische reflectie .............................................................................................................53
1.7.6. Communicatieve rationaliteit als basis voor dialoog ..........................................................................54
2. Respect (1) ....................................................................................................................................................55
2.1. Achterliggende principes (Respect en autnomie) ..................................................................................56
2.2. Informatieplicht (Verplichting om info te geven) ..................................................................................57
2.3. Recht op vrije deelname ........................................................................................................................58
2.4. Volwassene met beperkte keuzebekwaamheid ....................................................................................58
2.5. Dwang ....................................................................................................................................................58
2.6. Eerbied voor morele waarden -zelfbeschikkingsrecht ...........................................................................59
2.7. Inzagerecht, correctierecht, blokkeringsrecht en vernietigingsrecht ....................................................60
2.8. Zelfzorg ..................................................................................................................................................60
2.9. Besluit ....................................................................................................................................................60
Zelfbeschikking bij levenseinde
2.10. ................................................................................................................................................... 61
Enkele voorbeelden
2.10.1. ................................................................................................................................................... 61
3. Integriteit (2)..................................................................................................................................................63
3.1. Voornaamste gedragsregels i.v.m. integriteit: .......................................................................................63
3.2. Rolintegriteit ..........................................................................................................................................64
3.2.1. Bevorderen van persoonlijk of politiek belang ..............................................................................64
3.2.2. Aanvaarden van geschenken .........................................................................................................64
3.2.3. Aanvaarden van aantrekkelijke aanbiedingen van cliënten (bv. vakantieverblijf, goederen) .......64
3.2.4. Meervoudige relaties .....................................................................................................................64
3.2.5. Beslissingsmodel (Gottlieb 1993): ..................................................................................................65
3.3. Het geval Vandereycken http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSwRPvtklKk ........................................66
3.3.1. Ethische theorieën toegepast op het geval Vandereycken ............................................................66
3.4. Seksuele contacten ................................................................................................................................67
3.5. Lichamelijke contact ..............................................................................................................................67
4. Verantwoordelijkheid (3)...............................................................................................................................68
4.1. Schade voorkomen ................................................................................................................................69
4.2. Continuïteit van het pedagogisch handelen ..........................................................................................69
4.3. Zorg voor kwaliteit .................................................................................................................................69
4.4. Verantwoordelijkheid nemen voor collega’s .........................................................................................70
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, 5. Deskundigheid (4) ..........................................................................................................................................70
5.1. Er zijn 4 verschillende niveaus van deskundigheid ................................................................................70
5.1.1. Intellectuele deskundigheid ............................................................................................................70
5.1.2. Vaktechnische deskundigheid ........................................................................................................70
5.1.3. Emotionele deskundigheid .............................................................................................................71
5.1.4. Morele deskundigheid....................................................................................................................71
5.2. Het verhaal van Sam ..............................................................................................................................72
5.2.1. Euthanasie bij kinderen: zelfbeschikking........................................................................................72
5.2.2. Vragen bij courante benadering van zelfbeschikking op kinderen ................................................72
5.2.3. Kwaliteit van het leven...................................................................................................................73
5.2.4. Zorgethiek ......................................................................................................................................73
5.2. Casus: F. Van den Bleeken .....................................................................................................................74
5.3. Euthanasie: wettelijke regeling ..............................................................................................................74
5.3.1. Verzoek ..........................................................................................................................................74
5.3.2. Voorwaarden..................................................................................................................................74
Les 5: Privacy en bescherming van de persoonlijke levenssfeer (HB: H2, H4 en H5) ......................................... 75
1. Privacy ..........................................................................................................................................................75
1.1. Wettelijk grondrecht + universele verklaring rechten van de mens .......................................................75
1.1.1. Aanvullende wetten en regelingen ................................................................................................76
1.2. Inlevingsoefening ...................................................................................................................................77
1.2.1. Voorbeelden ...................................................................................................................................77
1.3. Verschillende dimensies ........................................................................................................................78
1.3.1. Er zijn 4 dimensies in rechtsleer .....................................................................................................78
1.4. In evolutie ..............................................................................................................................................78
1.5. Onze privacy onder druk........................................................................................................................79
1.5.1. “Blijvende staat van openbaarheid” (test) .....................................................................................79
1.5.2. Voorbeeld .......................................................................................................................................79
1.6. Waar is onze privacy gebleven? .............................................................................................................80
1.6.1. Bezorgdheden ................................................................................................................................80
1.6.2. Voorwaarden..................................................................................................................................80
1.7. “Ik heb niets te verbergen” ...................................................................................................................81
1.8. De facebook-generatie ........................................................................................................................... 81
1.9. Recht op afbeelding (portretrecht) ......................................................................................................... 82
1.10. ...................................................................................................................................................
Camerawetgeving 82
2. Verwerking van persoonsgegevens ..............................................................................................................83
2.1 Persoonsgegevens .................................................................................................................................83
2.2 Toelaatbare verwerking van persoonsgegevens: basisbeginselen ........................................................84
2.2.1. Zes basisbeginselen die je moet nakomen om gegevens te kunnen verwerken ..........................84
2.3 Finaliteit en proportionaliteit ..................................................................................................................84
2.3.1. Finaliteit en proportionaliteit .........................................................................................................84
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