C165 Integrated Physical Sciences Full Study
Guide key terms you need to know 2025
Western Governors University
, Integrated Physical Sciences -
C165
Section 1: Scientific Inquiry
Lessons 1 – 13: Introduction to Physical Science
Physical Science: The study of non-living systems, encompassing physics, chemistry, astronomy, a
Branches of Physical Science:
• Physics: The study of the nature and properties of matter and energy.
• Chemistry: The study of the composition, properties, and reactions of matter.
• Earth Science: The study of the physical constitution of the Earth and its Atmosphere.
• Astronomy: The study of celestial objects, space, and the universe.
Basic Concepts:
• Atoms: The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus of protons and neutrons w
nucleus.
• Molecules: Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
Variables in Scientific Experiments:
• Independent Variable: The variable that is deliberately changed in an experiment to test its ef
• Dependent Variable: The variable that is measured in an experiment to see if it is affected by
independent variable.
• Control Variable: Variables that are kept constant to accurately test the impact of an independe
Scientific Investigations:
• Scientific Investigations: The systematic process used to study the natural world, often involv
observations, and hypotheses.
• Controlled Experiment: An experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time to isola
• Laboratory Experiment: An experiment conducted under controlled conditions in a laboratory
• Observational Study: A study where the researcher observes and records behavior without m
Models in Science:
• Physical Model: A tangible, three-dimensional representation of an object or system.
• Conceptual Model: A representation of a system that helps predict how the system behaves.
• Mathematical Model: A description of a system using mathematical concepts and language.
• Computer Model: A simulation of a real-world system or process using computer software.
Scientific Principles and Terms:
• Principle of Falsification: The idea that a hypothesis must be inherently disprovable before it c
scientific hypothesis.
• Hypothesis: A testable prediction about how variables are related.
• Law: A statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspects
• Theory: A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that incorporates fac
tested hypotheses.
Lessons 14 – 18: Units & Measures
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