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frequency t distribution t - t correct t answer t - t shows t the t number t of t data t observations t that t fall t into t specific t intervals - t Graphically t summarize t information t not t readily t observable t by t merely t looking t at t data t in t a t table discrete t data t - t correct t answer t - t are t values t based t on t observations t that t can t be t counted t and t are t typically t represented t by t whole t numbers - t represent t something t that t has t been t counted take t on t whole t numbers t such t as t 0, t 1, t 2, t 3 continuous t data t - t correct t answer t - t are t values t that t can t take t on t any t real t numbers, t including t numbers t that t contain t decimal t points usually t measured t rather t than t counted - t Examples t are t weight, t time, t and t distance examples t of t discrete t data t - t correct t answer t Number t of t children t per t family Number t of t cars t listed t per t insurance t policy Vacation t days t per t month example t of t continuous t data t - t correct t answer t Time t required t to t read t chapter t 2 Thickness t of t paint t applied t to t a t car t body Voltage t of t batteries t produced t in t August relative t frequency t distribution t - t correct t answer t - t display t the t proportion t of t observations t of t each t class t relative t to t the t total t number t of t observations - t shows t the t fraction t of t observations t in t each t class t found t by t dividing t each t frequency t by t the t total t number t of t observations - t the t fractions t in t a t relative t frequency t distribution t add t up t to t 1.00 cumulative t relative t frequency t distribution t - t correct t answer t totals t the t proportion t of t observations t that t are t less t than t or t equal t to t the t class t at t which t you t are t looking Shows t the t accumulated t proportion t as t values t vary t from t low t to t high histogram t - t correct t answer t is t a t graph t showing t the t number t of t observations t in t each t class t of t a t frequency t distribution Excel t uses t the t term t "bins" t for t the t classes t in t the t distribution method t to t determine t the t number t of t classes t in t a t frequency t distribution t is t the t rule t - t correct t answer t 2^k t > t or t = t n t k t = t Number t of t classes n t = t Number t of t data t points Find t the t lowest t value t of t k t that t satisfies t the t rule n t = t 50 k t = t 5 k t = t 6 which t is t the t better t choice? t - t correct t answer t 25 t = t 32 t < t 50 t (k t = t 5 t is t too t small) 26 t = t 64 t > t 50 t (k t = t 6 t is t a t good t choice) class t width t definition t and t formula t - t correct t answer t The t width t is t the t range t of t numbers t to t put t into t each t class t maximum t data t value t - t minimum t date t value t / t k class t boundaries t - t correct t answer t - t represent t the t minimum t and t maximum t values t for t each t class - t Choose t class t boundaries t that t are t easy t to t read 3 t to t less t than t 6 t minutes t 6 t to t less t than t 9 t minutes 9 t to t less t than t 12 t minutes 3.21 t to t less t than t 6.21 t minutes 6.21 t to t less t than t 9.21 t minutes 9.21 t to t less t than t 12.21 t minutes rules t for t classes t of t grouped t data t - t correct t answer t *Equal-size t classes.* t All t classes t in t the t frequency t distribution t must t be t of t equal t width *Mutually t exclusive t classes.* t Class t boundaries t cannot t overlap

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Geüpload op: 27 december 2024
Aantal pagina's: 34
Geschreven in: 2024/2025
Type: Tentamen (uitwerkingen)
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QMB 3200 EXAM 12024/2025 WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS

frequency distribution - correct answer - shows the number of data observations that fall into specific intervals
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

- Graphically summarize information not readily observable by merely looking at data in a table
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

discrete data - correct answer - are values based on observations that can be counted and are typically
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

represented by whole numbers t t t

- represent something that has been counted
t t t t t t

take on whole numbers such as 0, 1, 2, 3
t t t t t t t t t

continuous data - correct answer - are values that can take on any real numbers, including numbers that
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

contain decimal points
t t

usually measured rather than counted
t t t t

,- Examples are weight, time, and distance
t t t t t t

examples of discrete data - correct answer Number of children per family
t t t t t t t t t t t

Number of cars listed per insurance policy t t t t t t

Vacation days per month t t t

example of continuous data - correct answer Time required to read chapter 2
t t t t t t t t t t t t

Thickness of paint applied to a car body t t t t t t t

Voltage of batteries produced in August t t t t t

relative frequency distribution - correct answer - display the proportion of observations of each class relative
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

to the total number of observations
t t t t t

- shows the fraction of observations in each class
t t t t t t t t t

found by dividing each frequency by the total number of observations
t t t t t t t t t t

- the fractions in a relative frequency distribution add up to 1.00
t t t t t t t t t t t

cumulative relative frequency distribution - correct answer totals the proportion of observations that are less
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

than or equal to the class at which you are looking
t t t t t t t t t t

Shows the accumulated proportion as values vary from low to high
t t t t t t t t t t

histogram - correct answer is a graph showing the number of observations in each class of a frequency
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

distribution

Excel uses the term "bins" for the classes in the distribution
t t t t t t t t t t

method to determine the number of classes in a frequency distribution is the rule - correct answer 2^k > or = n
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

,k = Number of classes
t t t t

n = Number of data points
t t t t t

Find the lowest value of k that satisfies the rule
t t t t t t t t t

n = 50 t t

k=5 t t

k=6 t t

which is the better choice? - correct answer 25 = 32 < 50 (k = 5 is too small)
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

26 = 64 > 50 (k = 6 is a good choice)
t t t t t t t t t t t

class width definition and formula - correct answer The width is the range of numbers to put into each class
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

maximum data value - minimum date value / k t t t t t t t t

class boundaries - correct answer - represent the minimum and maximum values for each class
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

- Choose class boundaries that are easy to read
t t t t t t t t

3 to less than 6 minutes
t t t t t t

6 to less than 9 minutes
t t t t t

9 to less than 12 minutes
t t t t t

3.21 to less than 6.21 minutes t t t t t

6.21 to less than 9.21 minutes t t t t t

9.21 to less than 12.21 minutes t t t t t

rules for classes of grouped data - correct answer *Equal-size classes.* All classes in the frequency distribution
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

must be of equal width t t t t

*Mutually exclusive classes.* Class boundaries cannot overlap t t t t t t

, *Include all data values.* Make sure all data values are accounted for in the total row of the frequency
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

distribution

*Avoid empty classes.* It is undesirable for a histogram to display a class so narrow that there are no
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

observations in it t t

*Avoid open-ended classes (if possible).* These violate the first rule of equal class sizes
t t t t t t t t t t t t t

qualitative data - correct answer - values that are categorical t t t t t t t t t

- Can be nominal or ordinal measurement level
t t t t t t t

- Describe a characteristic, such as gender or level of education
t t t t t t t t t t

Frequency distributions help display qualitative data by - correct answer - indicating the number of
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

occurrences of various categories t t t

- Can use Excel's COUNTIF function to count the number of values matching a category label
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

bar charts - correct answer are a good tool for displaying qualitative data that have been organized in categories
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

pareto charts - correct answer are bar charts that show the frequency of the categories that cause quality
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

control problems t t

Show quality problem categories in decreasing order
t t t t t t

The most problematic categories are shown first
t t t t t t t

Pareto charts also plot the cumulative relative frequency as a line on the chart known as an *ogive*
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

pie charts - correct answer - are another excellent tool for comparing proportions for categorical data
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t

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