Volledige samenvatting van het vak Vennootschapsrecht, gedoceerd door prof. Marieke Wyckaert en gevolgd in AJ 24-25 . De samenvatting bestaat uit de slides + aantekeningen genomen in de lessen. De samenvatting moet volstaan om te slagen, maar het is zeer aangeraden het oefenexamen te maken + de "vr...
Samenvatting Vennootschapsrecht
Lees de artikelen op toledo “vraag van de week …”! Mogelijks worden daar examenvragen uit
geput
Les 1 Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Wat is rechtspersonenrecht? ............................................................................................................................... 5
Enkele cijfers ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Vennootschapsrecht ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Rol van het vennootschapsrecht ..................................................................................................................... 5
Neveneffecten ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Drie “agency problems” .................................................................................................................................. 6
Vennootschapsrecht in context ....................................................................................................................... 6
Het WVV .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Les 2 De vennootschap, de vereniging en de CV ............................................................................................. 11
Verenigingen ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
De verenigingen ............................................................................................................................................ 11
De vennootschap versus de vereniging ......................................................................................................... 11
Basisregels eigen aan de VZW (boek 9) ......................................................................................................... 13
Basisregels eigen aan de IVZW (boek 10) ...................................................................................................... 14
Basisregels eigen aan de stichtingen (boek 11) ............................................................................................. 15
Sociaal ondernemen .......................................................................................................................................... 15
De CV (boek 6) ............................................................................................................................................... 16
De erkenningen (boek 8) ............................................................................................................................... 17
Les 3 Kapitaal en vermogen(sbescherming) .................................................................................................... 18
Wat is kapitaal en wat is vermogen? ................................................................................................................ 18
Kapitaal (NV) versus vermogen (NV en BV) ................................................................................................... 18
Balansmatige weergave (NV) ........................................................................................................................ 19
Balansmatige weergave (BV) ......................................................................................................................... 20
Kapitaal.......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Inbreng .............................................................................................................................................................. 21
Inbreng in NV ................................................................................................................................................ 21
Inbreng in BV ................................................................................................................................................. 22
Inbreng in natura ........................................................................................................................................... 22
Toereikend aanvangsvermogen ......................................................................................................................... 23
Minimumkapitaal .............................................................................................................................................. 23
Waarom heeft de NV een minimumkapitaal? ............................................................................................... 23
Waarom werd het minimumkapitaal dan afgeschaft in de BV? .................................................................... 23
NV, BV of eenmansonderneming? ................................................................................................................ 24
Winstuitkering ................................................................................................................................................... 24
Winstuitkering in de NV ................................................................................................................................ 24
Winstuitkering in de BV ................................................................................................................................. 26
Kapitaal als klem (op het vermogen) ............................................................................................................. 27
Uitkeringstest in BV en NV ............................................................................................................................ 28
Inkoop van eigen aandelen ............................................................................................................................... 28
Voorbeeld inkoop van eigen aandelen + gevolgen ........................................................................................ 29
Regels ter bescherming v aandeelhouders ................................................................................................... 30
Inkoop van eigen aandelen als waardeverschuiving ..................................................................................... 30
Wat te doen met ingekochte aandelen? ....................................................................................................... 30
Regels niet van toepassing op: ...................................................................................................................... 33
1
, Inkoop van eigen aandelen door dochter ..................................................................................................... 33
Kapitaalvermindering (NV) ................................................................................................................................ 34
Voorbeeld reële kapitaalvermindering .......................................................................................................... 35
Praktisch verloop reële kapitaalvermindering ............................................................................................... 35
Voorbeeld formele kapitaalvermindering ..................................................................................................... 36
Financiële steunverlening .................................................................................................................................. 37
Voorbeeld financiële steunverlening: ........................................................................................................... 37
Alarmbelprocedure ............................................................................................................................................ 38
Alarmbelprocedure in de NV ......................................................................................................................... 38
Alarmbelprocedure in de BV ......................................................................................................................... 38
Uittreding en uitsluiting..................................................................................................................................... 38
Voorbeeld jaarrekening KBC .............................................................................................................................. 38
Les 4 Bestuur en vertegenwoordiging ............................................................................................................. 39
Organen ............................................................................................................................................................ 39
Bestuur en vertegenwoordiging ........................................................................................................................ 39
Verhouding tussen bestuursorgaan en algemene vergadering ..................................................................... 39
Dagelijks bestuur ........................................................................................................................................... 40
Bestuurder-rechtspersoon ............................................................................................................................ 40
Bestuursstructuren ........................................................................................................................................ 41
Bestuurder = zelfstandige .............................................................................................................................. 44
Bestuur - werking .......................................................................................................................................... 44
Voorbeeld statutaire werking bestuursorgaan .............................................................................................. 45
Belangenconflicten ............................................................................................................................................ 45
Algemeen ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
Toepassingsgebied ........................................................................................................................................ 45
Bijvoorbeeld .................................................................................................................................................. 46
Procedure ...................................................................................................................................................... 46
Belangenconflicten: sancties ......................................................................................................................... 47
Belangenconflicten: quid BW? ...................................................................................................................... 47
Algemene vergadering ...................................................................................................................................... 47
Soorten .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Oproeping ..................................................................................................................................................... 49
Agenderingsrecht .......................................................................................................................................... 50
Deelneming ................................................................................................................................................... 50
Verloop .......................................................................................................................................................... 51
Vraagrecht ..................................................................................................................................................... 51
Vertegenwoordiging .......................................................................................................................................... 51
Organieke (externe) vertegenwoordiging ..................................................................................................... 51
Prokura (Eerste RL, nu CodificatieRL) ............................................................................................................ 52
Vertegenwoordiging – wettelijke beperkingen ............................................................................................. 53
Wie zijn deze organen? ................................................................................................................................. 53
Draagwijdte van de vertegenwoordigingsbevoegdheid en –macht .............................................................. 54
Les 5 Bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid ............................................................................................................... 58
Waarom bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid? ........................................................................................................... 58
WVV, WER, Wet invordering .............................................................................................................................. 58
Toepassingsgebied ............................................................................................................................................ 58
I. Interne aansprakelijkheid ............................................................................................................................... 59
Een beetje opfrissing ......................................................................................................................................... 60
2
, II) Externe aansprakelijkheid ............................................................................................................................. 62
Quasi immuniteit ........................................................................................................................................... 62
Bijzondere regels ............................................................................................................................................... 62
Faillissement en aansprakelijkheid .................................................................................................................... 63
Faillissement: collectieve vs. individuele schade........................................................................................... 63
Insolventieaansprakelijkheid – wie?.............................................................................................................. 64
Beperking van aansprakelijkheid....................................................................................................................... 65
Verjaring ............................................................................................................................................................ 67
Cirkeldiagrammen met cijfers aansprakelijkheid: ............................................................................................. 67
Les 6 Effecten ................................................................................................................................................. 67
Open systeem van effecten ............................................................................................................................... 67
Categorieën van effecten en de daaraan verbonden rechten ........................................................................... 67
1) Aandelen ................................................................................................................................................... 67
2) Aandelen zonder stemrecht (art. 5:47 j° 7:57 WVV) ................................................................................. 70
3) Winstbewijzen (art. 7:58-7:59 WVV)......................................................................................................... 70
4) Inschrijvingsrechten (art. 5:55 e.v. j° 7:67 e.v. WVV) ................................................................................. 71
5) Obligaties (= bonds) (art. 5:50 e.v. j° 7:62 e.v. WVV) ................................................................................. 72
6) Converteerbare obligaties (art. 5:53-5:54 j° 7:65-7:66 WVV) ................................................................... 72
7) Certificaten (art. 5:49 j° 7:61 WVV) ........................................................................................................... 72
Soortvorming en de procedure voor de wijziging van soortrechten .................................................................. 73
Soortvorming ................................................................................................................................................ 73
Contractualisering van stem- en vermogensrechten .................................................................................... 73
Wijziging van soortrechten............................................................................................................................ 75
Vorm van effecten ............................................................................................................................................. 77
Overdracht van effecten .................................................................................................................................... 77
Overdracht van effecten ................................................................................................................................ 77
Overdrachtsbeperkingen ............................................................................................................................... 78
Les 7 Uitgifte van aandelen ............................................................................................................................ 83
Kapitaal vs. eigen vermogen (inbreng): recap ................................................................................................... 83
Waarom aandelen uitgeven? ............................................................................................................................ 83
Waarom de uitgifte van aandelen reguleren?................................................................................................... 83
Aandeelhoudersbescherming ....................................................................................................................... 83
Hoe uitgifte van aandelen reguleren? ........................................................................................................... 84
De uitgifteprijs bepalen ..................................................................................................................................... 84
De “correcte” uitgifteprijs ............................................................................................................................. 84
Vereenvoudigde balans ................................................................................................................................. 85
Plicht om de correcte prijs te bepalen? ............................................................................................................. 90
Herhaling: Hoe uitgifte van aandelen reguleren? ............................................................................................. 91
1) Goedkeuring door de algemene vergadering ............................................................................................ 91
2) Voorkeurrecht ........................................................................................................................................... 92
3) Belangenconflictprocedures ..................................................................................................................... 93
4) Verslagplichten .......................................................................................................................................... 94
Uitgifte van aandelen in de praktijk .................................................................................................................. 95
Rights offering in genoteerde vennootschap ................................................................................................ 95
Private placement in genoteerde vennootschap .......................................................................................... 96
Bijkomende regels ............................................................................................................................................. 98
3
, Les 8 Bijkomende rechten van aandeelhouders en nietigheid van besluiten .................................................. 99
Bijkomende rechten van aandeelhouders ......................................................................................................... 99
Recapitulatie ................................................................................................................................................. 99
1) Individueel onderzoeks- en controlerecht ................................................................................................ 99
2) Vennootschapsrechtelijk deskundigenonderzoek ................................................................................... 100
Nietigheid van besluiten .................................................................................................................................. 100
Theoretisch kader ........................................................................................................................................ 100
Toepassingsgebied ...................................................................................................................................... 101
Nietigheidsgronden (art. 2:42 WVV) ........................................................................................................... 101
Nietigheid van een stem (art. 2:43 WVV) .................................................................................................... 103
Vorderingsmogelijkheid (art. 2:44 WVV)..................................................................................................... 103
Opschorting (art. 2:46 WVV) ....................................................................................................................... 104
Publicatie (art. 2:47 WVV) ........................................................................................................................... 104
Derdenbescherming (art. 2:48 WVV) .......................................................................................................... 104
Verjaring (art. 2:143 § 4 WVV) .................................................................................................................... 105
Pro memorie (PM) belangenconflictregels.................................................................................................. 105
Les 9 Stemovereenkomsten .......................................................................................................................... 106
Vraag van de week .......................................................................................................................................... 106
Stemovereenkomsten – inleiding .................................................................................................................... 107
Waarom? Pro & contra ................................................................................................................................ 107
Voorgeschiedenis............................................................................................................................................. 108
Stemovereenkomsten vandaag (art. 5:46, 6:45, 7:56 WVV) ........................................................................... 108
Les 10 Geschillenregeling & uittreding/uitsluiting ten laste van het vermogen ............................................ 109
Gelijkenis & verschillen .................................................................................................................................... 109
Geschillenregeling ........................................................................................................................................... 109
Doelstellingen en kenmerken ...................................................................................................................... 109
Toepassingsgebied ...................................................................................................................................... 110
Procedure .................................................................................................................................................... 111
Prijsbepaling ................................................................................................................................................ 111
Uittreding en uitsluiting lastens vennootschapsvermogen ............................................................................. 113
Doelstellingen en toepassingsgebied .......................................................................................................... 113
Uittreding lastens vennootschapsvermogen ............................................................................................... 113
Uitsluiting lastens vennootschapsvermogen ................................................................................................... 113
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller StuviagebruikerKUL123. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $16.61. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
