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Notities 中国历史: Geschiedenis, cultuur en politieke economie van China
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Notities 中国历史: Geschiedenis, cultuur en politieke economie van ChinaNotities 中国历史
Les 1: 03/10.............................................................................................................................5
天命.................................................................................................................................... 5
天下.................................................................................................................................... 5
天子.................................................................................................................................... 5
Groepswerk........................................................................................................................ 5
Geografie............................................................................................................................6
Het volk.............................................................................................................................. 7
De taal................................................................................................................................ 8
Hoe identificeren Chinezen zich?.......................................................................................9
Prehistorie.......................................................................................................................... 9
Les 2: 10/10...........................................................................................................................10
Quiz.................................................................................................................................. 10
Prehistorie........................................................................................................................ 11
Shang dynastie.................................................................................................................12
Zhou dynastie...................................................................................................................13
Oostelijke Zhou.......................................................................................................... 14
Confucius......................................................................................................................... 14
Onderverdeling maatschappij...........................................................................................16
Hertog van (westelijke) Zhou............................................................................................16
Mencius............................................................................................................................ 17
Xunzi................................................................................................................................ 17
Mozi..................................................................................................................................17
Legalisten......................................................................................................................... 17
Daoïsme........................................................................................................................... 18
Qin dynastie..................................................................................................................... 18
Les 3: 17/10...........................................................................................................................20
Han dynastie.................................................................................................................... 20
Keizer Wu.........................................................................................................................20
Zijderoute......................................................................................................................... 20
Les 4: 24/10...........................................................................................................................20
Vijf krachtlijnen van het Chinese denken......................................................................... 20
Quiz.................................................................................................................................. 22
Han-dynastie.................................................................................................................... 22
Belang van geletterdheid is in het westen ook belangrijk.................................................24
Boeddhisme..................................................................................................................... 24
Gezondheid en langer leven............................................................................................ 25
Kunst en materiële cultuur................................................................................................26
Zijde..................................................................................................................................26
Periode van verdeeldheid.................................................................................................26
Hakka............................................................................................................................... 27
Les 5: 31/10...........................................................................................................................28
Sui dynastie......................................................................................................................28
Notities 中国历史: Geschiedenis, cultuur en politieke economie van China
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, Notities 中国历史: Geschiedenis, cultuur en politieke economie van China
Tang dynastie (618 - 907).................................................................................................28
Thee................................................................................................................................. 34
Tang en omringende wereld............................................................................................. 34
Opkomst van de handel over zee.....................................................................................34
Omringende landen of tribuutstaten................................................................................. 35
Invloed van de Tang......................................................................................................... 36
Invloed van de nieuwe zijderoute: thee............................................................................ 36
Les 6: 07/11........................................................................................................................... 37
Belangrijkste kalligraaf China: Wang xi zhe..................................................................... 37
Song dynastie 960-1279.................................................................................................. 38
Politieke en economische vooruitgang.......................................................................38
Macht..........................................................................................................................39
Reizen........................................................................................................................ 39
Landbouw................................................................................................................... 39
Suzhou....................................................................................................................... 39
Grondbezit en belastingen......................................................................................... 40
Handel in nijverheid.................................................................................................... 40
Internationale handel..................................................................................................40
Opkomst steden......................................................................................................... 41
Gilden: op basis van beroep en herkomst..................................................................41
Schoolsysteem........................................................................................................... 41
Huwelijk...................................................................................................................... 42
Wetenschap en technologie....................................................................................... 42
Examensysteem......................................................................................................... 43
Examen: 3 niveaus:.................................................................................................... 43
Vorm nieuwe elite en examencultuur......................................................................... 44
Einde:......................................................................................................................... 44
Wenren 文人 ideaal (lituratus):................................................................................... 44
Les 7: 14/11........................................................................................................................... 44
Quiz.................................................................................................................................. 44
Kunstvormen Song...........................................................................................................45
Bespreek het ontstaan en belang van het Boeddhisme als (uitheemse) religie in China
en in de Chinese cultuur in het algemeen en meer specifiek de invloed op de kunst en
materiële cultuur? (voorbeeld examenvraag)...................................................................45
Yuan-dynastie (1272 - 1368)............................................................................................ 46
Succes van de Mongolen................................................................................................. 47
Na een tijd willen ze ook het zuiden veroveren................................................................ 47
Invloed van Tibetaanse lama op Mongolen......................................................................47
Hoe hebben ze geheerst over China?..............................................................................47
Belang van de kalender in de Chinese geschiedenis.......................................................48
Bevolking wordt ingedeeld in 4 bevolkingscategorieën....................................................48
Kastensysteem.................................................................................................................48
Na de dood van de eerste Mongoolse keizer Khubulai Khan.......................................... 48
Yuan samenleving............................................................................................................ 49
Notities 中国历史: Geschiedenis, cultuur en politieke economie van China
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, Notities 中国历史: Geschiedenis, cultuur en politieke economie van China
Bronnen van inkomsten voor het keizerlijk huis............................................................... 49
Katoen.............................................................................................................................. 49
Positie van de vrouw........................................................................................................ 49
Leviraat.............................................................................................................................50
Les 8: 21/11........................................................................................................................... 50
Quiz.................................................................................................................................. 50
Religieuze ontwikkelingen in de Yuan.............................................................................. 50
Eerste contacten tussen China en de rooms-katholieke wereld................................ 51
Italiaanse kooplieden vinden hun weg naar China.....................................................51
Bestuur van islam....................................................................................................... 51
Monotheïstische, exclusieve godsdiensten................................................................ 51
Vermenging van daoïsme en boeddhisme................................................................. 52
Literatuur in de Yuan........................................................................................................ 52
Opkomst van de geschreven spreektaal.................................................................... 52
Opkomst van blauw-wit porselein...............................................................................52
Muziek in de Yuan............................................................................................................ 52
Schilderkunst in de Yuan..................................................................................................53
Literaten schilderkunst............................................................................................... 53
Ming-dynastie (1368-1644).............................................................................................. 53
Geografisch................................................................................................................ 53
Historische herbeleving van China.............................................................................53
West-Europa rond de Ming-dynastie.......................................................................... 53
Vroege Ming............................................................................................................... 53
Late Ming (na Yong Le).............................................................................................. 55
Ontstaan van een premodern China.......................................................................... 56
Literatenschilderkunst in de Ming...............................................................................57
Europese kolonisatie.................................................................................................. 58
Macao.........................................................................................................................58
Missie van de Jezuïeten............................................................................................. 59
Val van de Ming.......................................................................................................... 59
Les 9: 28/11........................................................................................................................... 59
Quiz.................................................................................................................................. 59
Qin-dynastie..................................................................................................................... 61
Verzet van Fujian tegen de Mantsjoes....................................................................... 61
Periode van consolidatie............................................................................................ 61
Gastspreker......................................................................................................................62
Les 10: 05/12.........................................................................................................................62
Qin-dynastie (1644 - 1911)...............................................................................................62
Vroege Qing (1644 - 1839)...............................................................................................62
Handel........................................................................................................................ 62
Bestuurssysteem........................................................................................................ 63
Economie................................................................................................................... 63
Expansie.....................................................................................................................65
Filosofie, literatuur en religie...................................................................................... 66
Notities 中国历史: Geschiedenis, cultuur en politieke economie van China
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, Notities 中国历史: Geschiedenis, cultuur en politieke economie van China
Les 11: 12/12......................................................................................................................... 67
Tweede periode van de Qing (1839 - 1911)..................................................................... 67
Periode van crisis en verval....................................................................................... 67
Industriële revolutie in Europa....................................................................................68
Malthus....................................................................................................................... 68
Grote, belangrijke gebeurtenissen in de negentiende eeuw voor China die voor totale
ontwrichting hebben gezorgd..................................................................................... 68
Triaden....................................................................................................................... 69
19de eeuw: eeuw van crisis en verval........................................................................69
Langdurige opstanden die echt uit de hand lopen..................................................... 69
Bevolkingstoename.................................................................................................... 69
Eerste opstand: witte lotusopstand............................................................................ 70
Klimaatschommelingen 1ste helft van de 19de eeuw in China.................................. 70
Eerste periode was welvarend door de handel en landbouw.....................................70
Keizer ondervindt problemen met de buitenlandse handel........................................ 71
Opium......................................................................................................................... 71
Verdrag van Nanjing...................................................................................................71
Tweede opiumoorlog, ook wel Arrow-oorlog genoemd (1856 - 1860)........................71
Hong Kong 1896........................................................................................................ 71
In 1997 wordt Hong Kong terug overgedragen aan China.........................................71
Burgeropstand (1851 - 1860)..................................................................................... 72
Opstand van de Miao................................................................................................. 72
Lancering van de Zelfversterkingsbeweging.............................................................. 72
Wetenschap................................................................................................................72
Robert Fortune........................................................................................................... 73
Geschiedenis van de universiteiten............................................................................73
Eerste banken in China.............................................................................................. 73
Bouw van spoorwegen............................................................................................... 73
Weduwe-keizerin........................................................................................................ 73
Erfenisrecht................................................................................................................ 74
Einde van de 19de eeuw............................................................................................74
Bokseropstand (einde van de 19de eeuw).................................................................75
Hoe wordt China gepercipieerd in het westen?..........................................................75
Economie................................................................................................................... 76
Chinees-Japanse oorlog............................................................................................ 76
Lu Xun........................................................................................................................ 76
Nieuwe Politiek 1901 - 1911....................................................................................... 77
Einde aan het eeuwenlange hemels mandaat systeem in 1911 - 1912..................... 77
Notities 中国历史: Geschiedenis, cultuur en politieke economie van China
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