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Samenvatting - Sociologie en Rechtssociologie
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Volledige samenvatting sociologie & rechtssociologie voor recht & criminologie studenten.
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Inhoud1. wat is rechtsfilosofie ............................................................................................................................ 8
1.1 Wat is recht.................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.1 Law in books vs Law in action ................................................................................................. 8
1.2 Rechtssociologie ............................................................................................................................ 8
1.2.1 Sociale productie – invloed samenleving ............................................................................... 8
1.2.2 Maatschappelijke bronnen recht: .......................................................................................... 8
1.2.3 Sociale werking recht.............................................................................................................. 9
1.2.4 Onbedoelde gevolgen (intentionalisme) ................................................................................ 9
1.3 Juristen & sociologen............................................................................................................. 10
1.3.1 Afstandelijk vs betrokken ..................................................................................................... 11
1.3.2 Kritisch vs constructief ................................................................................................... 11
1.4 Juridisering ........................................................................................................................ 12
1.4.6 Determinanten van juridisering ..................................................................................... 14
1.4.7 Kritiek: onhoudbare veronderstellingen........................................................................ 14
1.5 Historische ontwikkeling van de rechtssociologie ................................................................... 14
1.5.2 Vier invloeden....................................................................................................................... 15
1.6 Karakteristieken van de rechtssociologie – schema = extra .................................................... 17
2 Wegbereiders van de rechtssociologie............................................................................................... 19
2.1 Sociologie als wetenschap........................................................................................................... 19
2.2 Onttovering ................................................................................................................................. 19
2.3 Achtergrond: verlichting (18e eeuw) ........................................................................................... 19
2.4 Karl Marx – 19e eeuw .................................................................................................................. 20
2.4.1 Industriële revolutie (1760 - 1840)....................................................................................... 20
2.4.2 Achtergrond.......................................................................................................................... 20
2.4.3 Houdsdiefstallen................................................................................................................... 21
2.4.4 Industriële rol van het recht ................................................................................................. 21
2.4.5 Das Kapital ............................................................................................................................ 21
2.4.6 !!! Arbeidsproces .................................................................................................................. 21
2.4.7 Meerwaarde ......................................................................................................................... 21
2.4.8 Productieverhoudingen ........................................................................................................ 21
2.4.9 Maatschappelijke ordening .................................................................................................. 22
2.4.10 Bewustzijn & verlichting ..................................................................................................... 23
2.4.11 Rol van de recht .................................................................................................................. 23
2.5 Emile Durkheim (19e – 20ste eeuw, Vogezen).............................................................................. 24
, 2.5.1 Zelfmoord ............................................................................................................................. 24
2.5.2 Arbeidsbedeling.................................................................................................................... 24
2.5.3 Rol van het recht .................................................................................................................. 25
2.5.4 Primitieve samenleving ........................................................................................................ 25
2.5.5 Moderne samenleving .......................................................................................................... 25
2.5.6 Misdaad ................................................................................................................................ 25
2.5.7 maakbaarheid van de samenleving ...................................................................................... 26
2.5.8 huidige relevantie ................................................................................................................. 26
2.6 Max Weber (19e – 20ste eeuw) ..................................................................................................... 27
2.6.1 Verstehende methode .......................................................................................................... 27
2.6.3 rationalisering – Weber !!! ................................................................................................... 28
2.6.4 onttovering van de wereld: .................................................................................................. 28
2.6.5 rationalisering van politiek ................................................................................................... 28
2.6.6 rationele rechtsorde ............................................................................................................. 28
2.6.7 Recht en maatschappij ......................................................................................................... 29
2.7 samenvatting ............................................................................................................................... 29
3. Basisbegrippen .................................................................................................................................. 30
3.1 Maatschappij ............................................................................................................................... 30
3.2 Dagelijks leven door de bril van de socioloog ............................................................................. 30
3.3 mogelijke studieobjecten voor sociologen .................................................................................. 30
3.3.1 eten & drinken ...................................................................................................................... 30
3.3.2 sport & lifestyle .................................................................................................................... 30
3.3.3 Liefde .................................................................................................................................... 30
3.4 contigent, maar niet arbitrair (toevallig, maar niet vanzelfsprekend)......................................... 31
3.4.1 echtscheiding ........................................................................................................................ 31
3.4.2 zelfdoding (Durkheim – individueel fenomeen) ................................................................... 31
3.4.3 Arbeid ................................................................................................................................... 32
3.5 Een eerste definitie van sociologie .............................................................................................. 32
3.5.1 de samenleving is een veld van tegengestelde (paradoxale) krachten ............................... 32
4. wekwijze & scholen ........................................................................................................................... 38
4.1 Sociologie als wetenschap ........................................................................................................... 38
4.1.1 waarmee zijn sociologen bezig? ........................................................................................... 39
4.2 verschillen natuurwetenschap & sociale wetenschap ................................................................ 40
4.3 sociale feiten................................................................................................................................ 41
4.3.1 Sociologie structureert de empirische werkelijkheid ........................................................... 42
4.3.2 sociologie ontdekt en verruimt ............................................................................................ 42
, 4.3.3 sociologie bestudeerd de sociale fenomenen ...................................................................... 43
4.4 Wetenschappelijke benadering – Beyond Common Sense .......................................................... 47
4.5 paradigma’s ................................................................................................................................. 48
4.5.1 empirische cyclus.................................................................................................................. 49
4.5.2 typologie paradigma’s in sociologie ..................................................................................... 49
5 Wetgeving ........................................................................................................................................... 58
5.1 De wet en het recht ..................................................................................................................... 58
5.2 deregulering als maatschappijhervorming .................................................................................. 58
5.2.1 Totale regeldruk ........................................................................................................................ 58
5.2.2 overregulering ...................................................................................................................... 58
5.2.3 vormen van deregulering ..................................................................................................... 59
5.3 regulering & instrumentalisering van het recht ...................................................................... 60
5.3.1 recht en maatschappij .......................................................................................................... 60
5.3.2 twee vormen van juridisch rationeel denken ....................................................................... 60
5.3.3 instrumentalisering............................................................................................................... 61
5.4 grenzen en risico’s aan deregulering ....................................................................................... 61
5.5 wetgevingspraktijken (Nick Huls)............................................................................................. 62
5.5.2 soevereine staat ................................................................................................................... 62
5.5.3 Kritiek op wetgever............................................................................................................... 63
5.5.3.2 wetgever ter discussie in het recht.................................................................................... 63
5.5.4 theorieën over wetgevingspraktijken ................................................................................... 63
5.6 wetgeving op ambtelijke werkvloer ............................................................................................ 67
5.6.1 onderhandelend wetgeven .................................................................................................. 67
6. Handhaving ........................................................................................................................................ 68
6.1 handhaving als thema van rechtssociologie ................................................................................ 68
6.1.1 discrepantie tussen wet en praktijk...................................................................................... 68
6.1.2 symboolwetgeving................................................................................................................ 68
6.2 handhaafbaarheid als aandachtspunt bij totstandkoming van wetten. ...................................... 68
6.2.1 sociaalwetenschappelijke inzichten – handhaving & naleving ............................................. 68
6.3 handhaafbaarheidstoetsen van regelgeving ............................................................................... 72
6.3.1 Tafel van Elf ........................................................................................................................... 72
6.3.2 dimensies van naleving......................................................................................................... 73
6.3.3 kritiek op Tafel ...................................................................................................................... 74
6.3.4 Communicatiewijzen ............................................................................................................ 74
6.3.5 stakeholder consultatie ........................................................................................................ 74
6.4 publieke handhaving ................................................................................................................... 74
, 6.4.1 toezicht op handhaving wetten door ambtenaren............................................................... 74
6.4.2 De politie als handhaver ....................................................................................................... 75
6.4.3 bijzondere en lokale handhaving .......................................................................................... 76
6.5 Private handhaving .................................................................................................................. 76
7. Formele geschillenbeslechting .......................................................................................................... 77
7.1 civiele rechtspraak in België ........................................................................................................ 77
7.2 Rechter werk in theorie & praktijk .............................................................................................. 78
7.2.1 In het spoor van Durkheims functionalisme ........................................................................ 78
7.2.2 Theorie van de sociale systemen – Luhmann ....................................................................... 78
7.3. functie van recht ......................................................................................................................... 79
7.3.1. legitimiteit ........................................................................................................................... 79
7.3.2 sociale bereidheid tot naleving. ........................................................................................... 79
7.3.3 juridische procedure als sociaal systeem ............................................................................. 80
7.4 2 soorten overheidsactiviteiten............................................................................................. 80
7.4.1 Relevantie Luhmann ............................................................................................................. 80
8. Straffen als sociale praktijk – gastencollege ...................................................................................... 81
8.1 hoe spreekt rechter recht ............................................................................................................ 81
8.1.1 Persoon van de verdachte .................................................................................................... 81
8.1.2 Persoon van de rechter......................................................................................................... 82
8.2 Empirisch onderzoek: doctoraat professor Beynes (2000) ........................................................ 83
8.2.1 onderzoeksonderwerp ............................................................................................................. 83
8.2.1 enkele bevindingen............................................................................................................... 84
8.3 algemene conclusie ..................................................................................................................... 87
8.3.1 rechter tussen rede & gevoel ............................................................................................... 87
8.3.2 rechtspreken als betekende praktijk .................................................................................... 87
8.3.3 straftoemetingscultuur ......................................................................................................... 87
8.3.4 gelijkheid versus dispariteit? ................................................................................................ 87
8.4 straftoeneming/rechtspreken in een maatschappelijk perspectief ............................................ 87
9. informele conflictbeslechting ............................................................................................................ 88
9.1 civiele rechtspraak in België ........................................................................................................ 88
9.2 paths to justice: pyramide van conflictbeslechting ..................................................................... 88
9.2.1 geschilbeslechtingsdelta (2004 & 2014) ............................................................................... 88
9.3 achtergrond ADR ......................................................................................................................... 90
9.3.1 onvrede met de rechtsgang .................................................................................................. 91
9.4 grondslagen (3) ............................................................................................................................ 91
9.4.1 informalisering & acces to justice......................................................................................... 91
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