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Samenvatting - Sociologie Volledig

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Course
Sociologie

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Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)

Samenvatting sociologie UA- Amal Miri 1ste bachelor sociologie, politieke wetenschappen, SEW, geschiedenis, communicatietiewetenschappen Alles staat er in ( buiten gastcolleges die werden ook niet gevraagd) tip: leer ook details ( staan er in)

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Uploaded on December 29, 2024
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sociologie
uantwerpen
ua

Institution
Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)
Education
Sociaal Economische Wetenschappen
Course
Sociologie

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Sociologie

Sociologie
Inhoudsopgave

Leesopdracht .............................................................................................................................. 11

Examen ....................................................................................................................................... 11

Lessen ........................................................................................................................................ 11

1. Hoofdstuk 1: Sociologische verbeelding ............................................................................... 12

1.1. Sociologie is relatief recente wetenschap ........................................................................ 12

1.2. Sociologische verbeelding ontstaat in crisistijden ............................................................ 13

1.2.1. THE GREAT TRANSFORMATION ‘Twee Revoluties’? (K. Polanyi) ...................................... 14

1.2.2. THE GREAT TRANSFORMATION ‘Twee Revoluties’? (K. Polanyi) of waren er
meer? 14

1.2.3. MAATSCHAPPIJTYPES .................................................................................................. 14

1.2.4. Sociaal probleem als bron van sociologische verbeelding ............................................. 15

1.2.5. ‘Mannelijkheid’ als sociaal probleem? .............................................................................. 15

1.2.6. Klimaat als sociaal probleem? ..................................................................................... 16

1.2.7. Migratie als sociaal probleem? ..................................................................................... 16

1.4. C.W. Mills over sociologische verbeelding ........................................................................ 16

................................................................................................................................................... 17

1.5.1. Auguste Compte ( 1798-1857) ....................................................................................... 18

1.5.2 Herbert Spencer (1820 – 1903) .......................................................................................... 19

2. Hoofdstuk 2: Cultuur ........................................................................................................... 20

2.1. HET BEGRIP CULTUUR ..................................................................................................... 20

2.1.1. Samenhang van sociale structuur & cultuur .................................................................. 21

3. Hoofdstuk 4: Socialisatie ..................................................................................................... 25
3.1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................25

3.2. Mens als sociaal wezen ......................................................................................................25

IMANE HEIDER 1

, Sociologie

3.3. Opvoedinspatronen ...........................................................................................................25
3.4. Ontwikkeling van sociale responsen: onstaan van de socialewereld .....................................26

3.4.1. “Ik ben de wereld en de wereld ben ik” ............................................................................26

3.4.2. Ontwikkeling responsen .................................................................................................26
3.4.3. “Ik ben de wereld en de wereld ben ik” (later) ..................................................................27

3.4.4. Ontwikkeling van het kind ...............................................................................................27
3.4.5. Sociale reacties .............................................................................................................27
3.4.6. Gehechtheid en verlies ..................................................................................................27
3.4.7. Theorieen over ontwikkeling kind ....................................................................................28

Van play >>> game (G.H. Mead) .................................................................................................... 29

3.4.8 Socialiserende instituties ...................................................................................................29

3.4.9 Hersocialisatie & total institutions.......................................................................................30
3.4.10 Hersocialisatie concentratie kampen ..............................................................................30

3.4.11 TOTAL INSTITUTIONS ZIJN VAAK PANOPTISCH.................................................................31

3.4.12 Foucault on Panopticon and surveillance ........................................................................32
3.4.13 Levensloop....................................................................................................................32
3.4.14 Kindertijd: Philippe Ariès over de notie ‘kinderrol’ .............................................................33

3.4.15 Kind-vijandige houding, vervaging, ‘Parenting ideology’ ....................................................33

3.4.16 Adolescentie, jongvolwassene, volwassenheid, bejaarde, de dood ...................................33
3.4.17 Levencyclus met belangrijke overgangsrituelen ...............................................................34

3.4.18 Overgangsrituelen: “Les Rites de Passage” (1909, Gennep) ..............................................34
3.4.19 Schotse antropoloog Victor Turner (1969):.......................................................................35

4.1. Hoe is sociale orde mogelijk? ........................................................................................... 35

4.2. Wat is sociale interactie? ................................................................................................. 35

4.3. Garﬁnkel’s ‘breaching experiment’ ................................................................................... 36

4.4. Hoe worden sociale interacties aangeknoopt en in stand gehouden? ................................. 36

4.5. Etnomethodologie ........................................................................................................... 36

4.6. Dramaturgie .................................................................................................................... 37

4.7. Dramaturgie: belangrijke begrippen ................................................................................. 37

4.8. Proxemics (E. Hall)........................................................................................................... 38

4.9. Sociale Rol ...................................................................................................................... 38

IMANE HEIDER 2

, Sociologie

4.10. Prisoners’ dilemma.......................................................................................................... 39

4.11. DE ROL VAN ZIEKE ........................................................................................................... 39

4.12. Afhankelijkheidsrelaties en perverse egecten .................................................................. 40

4.13. Interacties in tijd & ruimte ................................................................................................ 40

5. Hoofdstuk 5: groepen & organisaties .................................................................................... 41

5.1. Soorten sociale verbanden .............................................................................................. 41

5.2. Interactiepatronen van F. Tönnies ..................................................................................... 41

5.3. Formele organisatie ......................................................................................................... 43

5.4. Bureacratie ..................................................................................................................... 43

5.5. De Wet van Parkinson (satire) ........................................................................................... 44

5.6. Max Weber’s ideaaltype van de bureaucratie .................................................................... 44

5.7. Egectiviteit van bureaucratie?.......................................................................................... 44

5.8. Nadelen van bureaucratie? .............................................................................................. 44

5.9. Formele en informele groepen in de bureaucratie ............................................................. 45

5.10. 'IJzeren Wet van de Oligarchie’ Robert Michels ................................................................. 45

5.11. Lessen uit Japanse organisaties ....................................................................................... 45

5.12. De ﬂexibele organisatie ................................................................................................... 46

6. Stratiﬁcatie ......................................................................................................................... 46

6.1. Voorbeelden van stratifactie (1) ........................................................................................ 47

6.2. Voorbeelden van stratifactie (2) ........................................................................................ 47

6.3. Voorbeelden van stratifactie (3) ........................................................................................ 47

6.4. Voorbeelden van stratifactie (4) ........................................................................................ 48

6.5. Voorbeelden van stratiﬁcatie (5) ....................................................................................... 48

6.6. Sociale klasse ................................................................................................................. 49

6.7. Toegeschreven vs verworven sociale positie ..................................................................... 49

6.8. Hoeveel sociale klassen zijn er? Volgens Marxisten ................................ 50

IMANE HEIDER 3

, Sociologie

6.9. Theorieën over stratiﬁcatie: Karl Marx .............................................................................. 50

6.10. Complexiteit van klassensystemen .................................................................................. 50

6.11. Theorieën over stratiﬁcatie: Max Weber ............................................................................ 51

6.12. Webers drie-dimensionele stratiﬁcatiemodel ................................................................... 51

6.13. Theorieën over stratiﬁcatie: Eric Olin Wright ..................................................................... 52

6.14. Theorieën over stratiﬁcatie: Frank Parkin .......................................................................... 52

6.15. Black feminism ............................................................................................................... 52

6.16. Feministische theorie & intersectionaliteit ....................................................................... 53

6.17. Functionalistische theorie: Davis & Moore ........................................................................ 53

6.18. Is sociale klasse nog (even) belangrijk? ............................................................................ 53

6.19. Hoeveel sociale klassen zijn er? ....................................................................................... 54

6.20. Van klassen naar levensstijlgroepen? ............................................................................... 54

6.21. Hardnekkigheid van klassenverschillen ............................................................................ 55

6.22. Beleving van sociale klassen ............................................................................................ 55

6.23. Levenskansen: bekeken met intersectionele bril .............................................................. 56

6.24. Sociale mobiliteit ............................................................................................................ 56

7. Arbeid & Economie .............................................................................................................. 56

Hoe kunnen we economie begrijpen? ........................................................................................... 56

7.1. De vereconomiseerde samenleving .................................................................................. 57

7.1.1. Totaalkapitalisme ........................................................................................................ 58

7.1.2. Kolonisering van de leefwereld .................................................................................... 59

7.1.3. Doorslaggevend bij economisch systeem ..................................................................... 59

7.2. De fabriek ....................................................................................................................... 59

7.2.1. De fabriek: Taylorisme (19e-20e eeuw) ........................................................................... 59

7.2.2. De fabriek: Fordisme (20e eeuw)................................................................................... 60

7.2.3. De industriële maatschappij had invloed op dagelijks leven .......................................... 60

IMANE HEIDER 4

, Sociologie

7.3. Moderne arbeidsethos (vanaf 16e eeuw)............................................................................ 60

7.3.1. Ascetische houding: “men mag rijk zijn ter ere van God, maar niet voor het vlees en de
zonde” 61

7.4. Arbeid: pijler van (tijds-)orde ............................................................................................ 61

7.5. Consumentisme .............................................................................................................. 61

8. Deviantie & Criminaliteit ...................................................................................................... 62

8.1. Normen & sancties .......................................................................................................... 62

8.2. Wanneer is gedrag deviant? ............................................................................................. 62

8.3. Sociogenese van misdaad en straf ................................................................................... 62

8.4. Sociogenese van de gevangenis ....................................................................................... 63

8.5. Verandering in wijze van bestragen .................................................................................. 63

8.6. Sociogenese van de gevangenis ....................................................................................... 64

8.7. Biologische en psychologische theorieën van crimineel gedrag ......................................... 65

8.8. Enkele sociologische en criminologische theorieën .......................................................... 65

8.9. Types deviantie volgens Merton........................................................................................ 65

8.10. Studie Cloward & Ohlin over jeugdbendes ........................................................................ 66

8.11. Etnisch proﬁleren als labelling (Amnesty International)..................................................... 66

8.12. Lamine, Mehdi & Adil ....................................................................................................... 66

8.13. Labelingtheorie ............................................................................................................... 67

8.14. ‘Rational choice’ theorie en situationele verklaring ........................................................... 67

8.15. Conclusie ....................................................................................................................... 67

8.16. Verscheidenheid van misdaad ......................................................................................... 67

8.17. Witte boord criminaliteit .................................................................................................. 68

8.18. Het begrip ‘geestesziekte’ ................................................................................................ 68

9. Gender en diversiteit ........................................................................................................... 68

9.1. Gender & biologisch geslacht ........................................................................................... 68

9.2. Gender als sociale geslacht ............................................................................................. 69

IMANE HEIDER 5

, Sociologie

9.3. Aangeboren of aangeleerd?.............................................................................................. 69

9.4. Gender, geslacht en genderidentiteit ................................................................................ 69

• Gender als structurerend principe........................................................................................ 70

9.5. Belang van tijd en ruimte.................................................................................................. 70

9.6. Non-binair ....................................................................................................................... 70

9.7. Gender als spectrum ....................................................................................................... 71

9.8. Ontstaan concept Gender ................................................................................................ 71

9.9. Introductie van het concept Gender ................................................................................. 71

9.10. Ontstaan concept Gender ................................................................................................ 71

9.11. Feministische golven ....................................................................................................... 72

9.12. feministische golven ? ..................................................................................................... 73

9.13. Ontwikkeling intersectionaliteit ....................................................................................... 73

9.14. Liberaal feminisme .......................................................................................................... 73

9.15. Marxistisch feminisme .................................................................................................... 74

9.16. Postkoloniaal feminisme ................................................................................................. 74

9.17. Ecofeminisme ................................................................................................................. 74

9.18. Islamitisch en moslimfeminisme ..................................................................................... 74

9.19. Intersectionaliteit............................................................................................................ 75

10. Gastcollege: Een recente geschiedenis van ouderschap ................................................... 75

10.1. Hoe geef je een geschiedenis aan ouderschap? ................................................................ 75

10.2. Een recente geschiedenis van ouderschapsrollen ............................................................. 78

10.3. Actuele paradoxen........................................................................................................... 80

10.4.1. Reproctiecrisis ............................................................................................................ 82

10.5. Struggles verbinden ......................................................................................................... 83

10.6. Kind en Gezin? – acties in het Vlaams parlement ............................................................... 84

11. Gastcollege: Ons koloniaal verleden ................................................................................ 84

IMANE HEIDER 6

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