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EXAM WGU D236: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; WGU D236, 2025/2026 WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
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EXAM WGU D236: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; WGU D236, 2025/2026 WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
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EXAM WGU D236:PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; WGU D236,
2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
What are different types of acidosis in the body?
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Lactic Acidosis
ascites
- abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
pH scale
- scale with values from 0 to 14,
- used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
- a pH of 0-7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral,a pH of 7-14 is basic
- the more H+ the lower the pH; the less H+ the higher pH
Diverticulitis
- Inflammation of the diverticula in the colon (clogged)
- Small pouches that form due to weakened spots of the intestine
colon cancer
- pallor, cachexia, ascites, hepatomegaly, hematochezia,
alternating constipation/diarrhea
- Barium X-ray is performed
barium x-ray
,- Produced by patient drinking barium that, when x-rayed, shows
the lining of the stomach or any ulcerations or tumours
- Uses radiation so other techniques are sometimes preferred
- SHOWS UPPER AND LOWER GI
Cholecystitis
- inflammation of the gallbladder
- RUQ pain that radiates to the back
- Collin's sign, Murphy's sign
Collin's sign
- Present when the patient points to the right scapular tip with a
fist and thumb pointing upwards to describe the pain in Acute
Cholecystitis
Murphy's sign
- pain with palpation of the RUQ during inspiration, indicative of
cholecystitis
Cullin's sign
A bluish color in the periumbilical area Occurs with intra-
abdominal bleeding
Grey Turner's sign
discoloration over the flanks suggesting intra-abdominal bleeding.
pancreatitis
- inflammation of the pancreas that occurs when pancreatic
enzymes that digest food are activated in the pancreas instead of
the duodenum and attack pancreatic tissue, causing damage to
the gland
- flank pain, rapid pulse, vomiting, OILY STOOLS
- Cullin's sign, Grey Turner's sign
- Alcohol use, gallstones
, Pancreatic cancer
- Cancerous tumor of the pancreas
- most patients are in the advanced stages when diagnosed
- typically limits survival to less than 1 year
- diabetes, jaundice, dark urine, itchy skin, oily/ light colored
stools, blood clots
Hyperthyroidism
- Grave's Disease (50-60%) or Subacute Thyroiditis (15-20%)
- Overproduction of T3 & T4
- tremor, tachycardia, feeling warm, loss of weight,
EXOPHTHALMOS, A-fib, decreased fertility, anxiety
Hypothyroidism
- underactivity of the thyroid gland
- Hypercholesterolemia, easy weight gain, decreased fertility,
delayed reflexes, sluggish, feeling cold, constipation, lethargy
- 95% of cases are primary hypothyroidism
myxedema
- caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion; also known
as adult hypothyroidism
Thyroid nodules
- can be hypo- or hyper- thyroidism causing
- Hot nodule: Hyperthyroidism
- Cold nodule: Hypothyroidism
- Warm nodule: normal tissue
- Dysphagia, pain in thyroid region, dysphonia ( abnormal voice/
hoarseness)
goiter
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