Describes the importance of proteins and amino acids and their roles in the body. Outlines why each is necessary and what happens if someone has an excess or deficiency. Names all the essential and nonessential amino acids, variety of proteins, and types of diets.
○ Contain nitrogen amino acids in addition to the carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen atoms.
● Amino acids
○ Carbon atom with anime group and acid attached.
○ Have a distinctive chemical side chain attached to the center carbon of the
backbone. - important for fats and proteins.
● Essential amino acids
○ Nonessential amino acid can become essential amino acid called
conditionally essential amino acid
○ Can only be replenished by food
● Recycling
○ Body breaks protein and reuses their amino acids
Amino Acids:
● Single amino acids with different side chains can bond to form a strand of amino
acids, part of a protein.
● Basic process
, How do amino acids build protein?
● Peptide bonds
○ Link amino acids
● A string of about 10 to 50 amino acids is known as a polypeptide
● Strands of amino acids do not remain straight.
● Side chain electrically charged are attracted to water
● Several strands may cluster together into a functioning unit
○ A metal ion, a vitamin, or a carb molecule may join to build proteins.
● A protein molecule starts as a chain, then coils the strand, then folds the coil,
lastly adding a carb, vitamin, or mineral.
The variety of proteins:
● Protein shapes enable performance of different tasks.
● Some protein strands work alone, while others need association
● Hemoglobin is a folded protein that contains iron
Denaturation of proteins:
● Denaturing agents
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