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Samenvatting grondslagen van het (straf)recht (geslaagd 1ste zit)
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InhoudTHEMA 1: Inleidende beschouwingen over (statelijk) recht............................................................................................5
1. Opzet en doelstellingen van dit boek......................................................................................................................5
2. Wat is recht?............................................................................................................................................................5
3. Recht - rechtvaardigheid - juristen en burgers - rechtspraktijk- rechtsbedeling......................................................6
4. Eén recht of publiekrecht en privaatrecht?.............................................................................................................7
5. Recht en metajuridica..............................................................................................................................................8
THEMA 2: Basisbegrippen en indeling van het recht.......................................................................................................9
1. Basisbegrippen........................................................................................................................................................9
A. Gedragsvoorschrift, recht, wet, recht..................................................................................................................9
B. Objectief en subjectief recht, rechtsobjecten en rechtssubjecten....................................................................11
C. Rechtsbekwaamheid en handelingsbekwaamheid............................................................................................12
D. Rechtsfeit of rechtshandeling............................................................................................................................12
E. “formeel” en “materieel” in het recht...............................................................................................................13
F. Opgepast voor valse vrienden...........................................................................................................................14
THEMA 4:De formele rechtsbronnen en de hiërarchie der rechtsnormen....................................................................15
1. Enkele principes.....................................................................................................................................................15
A. Iedereen wordt geacht de rechtsregels te kennen............................................................................................15
B. De verschillende rechtsbronnen en hun onderlinge verhouding.......................................................................16
C. Werking in tijd...................................................................................................................................................16
D. De werking in de ruimte....................................................................................................................................16
2. Het toepassen van de rechtsregel.........................................................................................................................17
A. Recht versus feiten: een moment van inductie.................................................................................................17
B. Recht versus feiten: interpretatie......................................................................................................................17
c. Recht versus feiten: Juridische deductie (juridische logica)...............................................................................17
3. Hiërarchie van de (materiële) wetten....................................................................................................................18
A. De internationale en supranationale normen...................................................................................................19
B. De grondwet......................................................................................................................................................20
C. Bijzondere wetten en decreten.........................................................................................................................20
D. Formele wetten, Decreten, Ordonnanties, Besluitwetten, Genummerde KB’s.................................................21
E. koninklijke besluiten (KB) en besluiten van de deelstatelijke regeringen..........................................................22
F. Ministeriële besluiten........................................................................................................................................22
G. Provinciale en gemeentelijke reglementen.......................................................................................................22
H. rondzendbrieven en soft law.............................................................................................................................22
4. De rechtspraak......................................................................................................................................................23
5. De rechtsleer of doctrine.......................................................................................................................................23
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, 6. De gewoonte of costume......................................................................................................................................23
7. De algemene rechtsbeginselen..............................................................................................................................24
THEMA 5: Fundamentele rechten en vrijheden............................................................................................................24
1. Algemeen...............................................................................................................................................................24
2. De klassieke vrijheden...........................................................................................................................................25
A. vrijheid van de fysieke persoon.........................................................................................................................25
B. Vrijheid van de geest.........................................................................................................................................27
3. De economische, sociale en culturele rechten......................................................................................................28
4. Het gelijkheidsbeginsel..........................................................................................................................................28
A. de grondwettelijke beginselen..........................................................................................................................28
B. formele en materiële gelijkheid.........................................................................................................................29
C. verbod van willekeur bij juridische ongelijkheid................................................................................................29
D. rechterlijke controle..........................................................................................................................................29
E. bestrijding van racisme en discriminatie............................................................................................................30
5. Andere fundamentele rechten..............................................................................................................................30
THEMA 6: Rechtshandhaving........................................................................................................................................30
1. De rechterlijke macht............................................................................................................................................30
2. Controle op de naleving van het recht: hoven en rechtbanken.............................................................................31
A. organisatie.........................................................................................................................................................31
B. fundamentele rechten en principes..................................................................................................................33
C. De actoren van justitie.......................................................................................................................................34
D. procesrechtelijke aspecten...............................................................................................................................35
E. Bewijsrecht........................................................................................................................................................39
3. Controle op het bestuur: de administratieve rechtscolleges.................................................................................42
4. Controle op de wetgever: het Grondwettelijk Hof................................................................................................42
5. Externe controle op de rechterlijke macht: de Hoge Raad voor de Justitie...........................................................42
THEMA 7: Personen en familierecht..............................................................................................................................42
1. De natuurlijke persoon..........................................................................................................................................42
A. de staat van de persoon....................................................................................................................................42
B. identificatie van de natuurlijke persoon............................................................................................................42
C. Bewijs van staat.................................................................................................................................................44
D. persoonlijkheidsrechten....................................................................................................................................44
2. Verticale relaties: afstamming, adoptie en voogdij...............................................................................................44
A. afstamming........................................................................................................................................................44
B. Adoptie..............................................................................................................................................................46
C. Voogdij..............................................................................................................................................................46
3. Horizontale relaties: samenlevingsvormen............................................................................................................46
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, A. Feitelijke samenwoning.....................................................................................................................................46
B. Wettelijke samenwoning...................................................................................................................................47
C. Huwelijk.............................................................................................................................................................47
THEMA 8: Verbintenissenrecht.....................................................................................................................................50
1. Definitie en soorten...............................................................................................................................................50
2. Algemeen regime van de verbintenis....................................................................................................................52
Modaliteiten van de verbintenis............................................................................................................................52
Verbintenis met pluraliteit van voorwerp.............................................................................................................52
Verbintenis met pluraliteit van rechtssubjecten...................................................................................................52
Overdracht van de verbintenis..............................................................................................................................53
Nakoming van de verbintenis................................................................................................................................53
Niet-nakoming van de verbintenis.........................................................................................................................54
Bescherming van de rechten van de schuldeiser...................................................................................................54
Gronden van tenietgaan van de verbintenis..........................................................................................................54
3. Verbintenissen uit een overeenkomst...................................................................................................................55
I. Soorten contracten.............................................................................................................................................55
II. Totstandkoming van het contract......................................................................................................................55
III. Geldigheid van het contract..............................................................................................................................56
IV. Bewijs, interpretatie en kwalificatie van het contract......................................................................................58
V. Gevolgen van het contract tussen partijen........................................................................................................58
VI. Gevolgen bij niet-nakoming..............................................................................................................................58
VII. Gevolgen van het contract voor derden..........................................................................................................58
VIII. Tenietgaan van het contract...........................................................................................................................58
4. Verbintenissen uit een eenzijdige rechtshandeling...............................................................................................58
5. Verbintenissen uit een buitencontractuele aansprakelijkheid..............................................................................58
THEMA 9: Goederenrecht.............................................................................................................................................59
2. Soorten goederen..................................................................................................................................................59
3. De zakelijke rechten..............................................................................................................................................60
A. Eigendomsrecht.................................................................................................................................................61
C. Vruchtgebruik....................................................................................................................................................63
D. Erfpacht en opstal.............................................................................................................................................63
E. erfdienstbaarheden...........................................................................................................................................64
F. zakelijke zekerheden..........................................................................................................................................64
G. Intellectuele rechten.........................................................................................................................................65
THEMA 13: strafrecht....................................................................................................................................................65
1. Algemeen...............................................................................................................................................................65
A. Materieel en formeel strafrecht........................................................................................................................65
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, B. De belangrijke rol van de overheid....................................................................................................................65
C. Algemene beginselen........................................................................................................................................66
D. Territoriale toepassing......................................................................................................................................67
2. Het materieel strafrecht: misdrijven en straffen...................................................................................................68
A. Algemeen en bijzonder strafrecht (en penitentiair recht).................................................................................68
B. Wat zijn misdrijven (delicten)?..........................................................................................................................68
C. Poging en deelneming.......................................................................................................................................71
D. De indeling van de misdrijven (en straffen).......................................................................................................71
E. Opschorting, uitstel en probatie........................................................................................................................72
F. Het einde van de straf........................................................................................................................................72
3. Strafvordering / formeel strafrecht / strafprocedure............................................................................................73
A. Algemene beginselen........................................................................................................................................73
B. kennisname van een misdrijf en start vervolging..............................................................................................74
C. Mogelijk ‘verval’ van de strafvordering.............................................................................................................75
D. verloop van de strafprocedure..........................................................................................................................75
E. rechten van partijen..........................................................................................................................................76
F. De situatie van het slachtoffer...........................................................................................................................76
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