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Samenvatting - Ontwikkelingspsychologie
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Samenvatting ontwikkelingspsychologie (VUB, examen januari 2025)
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1,INHOUD
Introductie ................................................................................................................................... 8
Definitie ...........................................................................................................................................8
Wetenschappelijke Studie .............................................................................................................8
Vanaf De Conceptie Tot Aan De Dood ............................................................................................8
Op Verschillende Domeinen ..........................................................................................................9
In Wisselwerking Met De Omgeving ................................................................................................9
Basisthema’s ...................................................................................................................................9
Theoretische Kaders ....................................................................................................................10
Psychoanalytische Theorie (Sigmund Freud) .................................................................................... 10
Psychosociale Theorie (Erik Erikson) ................................................................................................ 11
Behaviorisme (John Watson) ........................................................................................................... 12
Sociaal-Cognitieve Leertheorie (Bandura) ........................................................................................ 13
Cognitieve Leertheorie (Piaget) ........................................................................................................ 13
Humanistisch Perspectief (Rogers).................................................................................................. 14
Contextueel Perspectief (Bronfenbrenner) ....................................................................................... 14
Socioculturele Theorie (Vygotsky) .................................................................................................... 15
Evolutionaire Psychologie (Lorenz) .................................................................................................. 15
Prenatale Periode ........................................................................................................................16
Genitica ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Gedragsgenetica ........................................................................................................................ 16
Epigenetica ................................................................................................................................ 17
Exterene Riisicofactoren Voor Intwikkeling Tijdens De Prenatale Periode ........................................... 18
De Geboorte ................................................................................................................................18
Van Vlak Voor, Tot Vlak Na De Geboorte .......................................................................................... 18
Apgar Test ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Geboortegewicht............................................................................................................................ 19
Invloedsfactoren Van Omgeving Op Kindersterfte ............................................................................. 20
Aanraking....................................................................................................................................... 20
Geboortezorg ................................................................................................................................. 20
Culturele Verschillen In Geboortezorg .......................................................................................... 21
Voeding ......................................................................................................................................... 22
De Eerste Maanden: Grote Verandering In Het Gezin ........................................................................ 22
Van Pasgeborene Tot Peuter ........................................................................................................23
Fysieke Ontwikkeling ...................................................................................................................... 23
Hersenontwikkeling .................................................................................................................... 23
Motorische Ontwikkelingen ......................................................................................................... 24
2
, Zintuigelijke Ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................ 25
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling Peuter ...................................................................................................27
Piaget Sensori-Motorische Fase ...................................................................................................... 28
Intelligentie .................................................................................................................................... 28
Taal ............................................................................................................................................... 29
Sociale En Persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling Peuter ...........................................................................30
Emoties ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Angst Voor Vreemden En Separatie .............................................................................................. 31
Social Referencing.......................................................................................................................... 31
Ontwikkeling Van Het Ik .................................................................................................................. 32
Theory Of Mind ............................................................................................................................... 32
Hechting ........................................................................................................................................ 33
Persoonlijkheid & Temperament...................................................................................................... 34
Persoonlijkheid ........................................................................................................................... 34
Temprament ............................................................................................................................... 35
Genderrollen .................................................................................................................................. 35
Fysieke Ontwikkeling In De Kleutertijd (2,5-6) ...............................................................................36
Fysieke Groei ................................................................................................................................. 36
De Hersenen (Valt Ook Onder Fysieke Ontwikkeling) ........................................................................ 36
Hersengroei En Cognitieve Ontwikkeling ...................................................................................... 37
Motorische Vaardigheden ............................................................................................................... 37
Zindelijkheidstraining ..................................................................................................................... 37
Potty Training Around The World .................................................................................................. 37
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling In De Kleutertijd (2,5-6) ...........................................................................38
Pre-Operationele Fase (Piaget) ........................................................................................................ 38
Bedenkingen............................................................................................................................... 39
Socio-Culturele Theorie .................................................................................................................. 39
Taal ............................................................................................................................................... 40
Impact Ses ................................................................................................................................. 41
Leren Door Media ........................................................................................................................... 42
Kleuterschool..............................................................................................................................43
Brute Knip & Warme Transities ..................................................................................................... 43
Persoonlijke Ontwikkeling Van De Kleuter ....................................................................................44
Bewustzijn ..................................................................................................................................... 44
Zelfbewustzijn ............................................................................................................................ 44
Genderbewustzijn ....................................................................................................................... 45
Raciaal En Etnisch Bewustzijn ..................................................................................................... 46
Sociale Ontwikkeling Van De Kleuter ............................................................................................47
3
, Vriendschappen ............................................................................................................................. 47
Spel ............................................................................................................................................... 47
Theory Of Mind ........................................................................................................................... 48
Opvoeding ..................................................................................................................................... 48
Co-Opvoeding (Coparenting) ....................................................................................................... 49
Opvoeding Over Culturen Heen ................................................................................................... 50
Mishandeling ................................................................................................................................. 50
Definitie Vertrouwenscentrum Kindermishandeling ...................................................................... 50
Vormen Van Kindermishandeling/Verwaarlozing: .......................................................................... 50
Risicofactoren (Preventie) ........................................................................................................... 52
Gevolgen .................................................................................................................................... 52
Intergenerationele Cyclus ........................................................................................................... 53
Veerkracht.................................................................................................................................. 53
Moraliteit ....................................................................................................................................... 53
Piaget Stelde Een Stapsgewijze Ontwikkeling Van Moreel Redeneren In De Kindertijd Voor ............. 53
Sociaal Leren Perspectief ............................................................................................................ 54
Agressie ......................................................................................................................................... 54
Agressie En Media ....................................................................................................................... 55
Fysieke Ontwikkeling In De Kindertijd ...........................................................................................56
Groei ............................................................................................................................................. 56
Voeding ......................................................................................................................................... 56
Motorische Ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................ 56
Mentaal Welzijn ...........................................................................................................................57
Stoornis Vs Problematiek ............................................................................................................ 58
Adhd .......................................................................................................................................... 58
Kinderen Met Speciale Behoeftes................................................................................................. 59
Cognitieve Ontwikkeling In De Kindertijd ......................................................................................59
Piaget: Concreet Operationeel ........................................................................................................ 59
Sociaal-Cultureel ........................................................................................................................... 60
Taal ............................................................................................................................................... 60
Leesvaardigheid.......................................................................................................................... 61
Intelligentie .................................................................................................................................... 61
Chc Model (Cattell-Horn-Carroll; Schneider & Mcgrew, 2012) ....................................................... 62
Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children (Wisc) ........................................................................... 63
Opmerkingen .............................................................................................................................. 64
Mentale Beperking ...................................................................................................................... 64
M-Decreet...................................................................................................................................... 65
Sociale En Persoonlijke Ontwikkeling Kindertijd ...........................................................................66
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