EXAM WGU DISEASE, SIGNS AND
THEIR
SYMPTOMS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
WGU, 2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
Osteoarthritis - CORRECT ANSWERS- The first symptom may
include deep, aching joint pain that usually is relieved by rest.
There may be stiffness and some swelling, especially in the
morning, and aching during weather changes. There usually is
minimal inflammation. Crepitation, a crackling sound due to the
grating of bones, may be heard on joint movement. Deformity
may be minimal in some cases, but bony enlargement can occur.
Malara - CORRECT ANSWERS- Symptoms are fever and flulike
illness, including shaking chills, headache, muscle aches, and
malaise. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. can
cause anemia and jaundice because of the destruction of RBCs.
Myasthenia gravis - CORRECT ANSWERS- Skeletal muscle
weakness and fatigability occur. Onset may be sudden, and most
affected individuals will notice drooping eyelids and double vision
as the first signs that something is wrong. Because the muscles
most affected are usually those innervated by the cranial nerves
(face, lips, tongue, neck, and throat), a blank expression, nasal
regurgitation of fluids, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing),
blepharoptosis (drooping eyelid), dysphasia (difficulty speaking),
,and a bobbing head may result Muscle weakness typically occurs
later in the day or after strenuous exercise. Menses, emotional
stress, prolonged exposure to sunlight or cold, and infections
heighten the symptoms. Respiratory muscle weakness or
myasthenic crisis (the sudden inability to swallow and respiratory
distress) may be severe enough to require mechanical ventilation.
Rheumatoid Arthritis - CORRECT ANSWERS- develops insidiously
among most affected individuals. The earliest signs and
symptoms may include malaise, persistent low-grade fever,
fatigue, and weight loss. Joint pain and stiffness gradually emerge
as the principal symptoms, usually affecting the joints of the
fingers, wrists, knees, ankles, and toes in a symmetric pattern.
The pain is characteristically aggravated by movement of the
affected joints. In advanced cases of RA affecting the hands, the
interphalangeal joints are swollen and edematous and have a
characteristic tapered appearance.
Impetigo - CORRECT ANSWERS- begin as macules, vesicles, and
pustules, usually accompanied by pruritus. The primary lesion
ruptures, leaving a honey-colored serous liquid. The liquid
hardens, and a thick, yellow crust eventually forms over the
infected site. can occur anywhere, but it is most common on the
mouth, nose, neck, or extremities. Satellite lesions may appear as
a result of autoinoculation. Erythema with ulcerations and
scarring may result
Decubitus Ulcers - CORRECT ANSWERS- Early signs include shiny,
reddened skin, usually appearing over a bony prominence (stage
1). If not treated quickly, the ulcer may become more serious
when skin is swollen and shows a blister (stage 2). A craterlike
, ulcer that goes deeper into the skin (stage 3) and a deep ulcer
that goes into fat, muscle, or bone (stage 4) are very serious. If
the ulcer becomes infected, it will be foul-smelling and purulent.
Pain may or may not accompany the lesion
Rosacea - CORRECT ANSWERS- flushing of the cheeks, forehead,
nose, or chin. For others, small red pustules form on the same
areas, and the skin of the cheeks, forehead, and nose may
thicken. The nose may also enlarge and become misshapen,
resulting in a condition called rhinophyma. Eye problems, such as
redness, burning, dryness, and excessive tearing, occur in 50% of
cases.
Alzheimer Disease - CORRECT ANSWERS- In the early stages, the
person has small difficulties at work or in social settings with
memory loss but generally can hide the loss and function
independently. Depression may occur. As the disease progresses,
the person exhibits mild mental impairment. This impairment
includes loss of short-term memory, inability to learn new tasks,
and subtle changes in personality. Then increased forgetfulness,
agitation, irritability, and extreme restlessness occur. The person
may retell the same stories, and others can no longer reason with
him or her, which may further increase the person's anxiety.
Conversations become difficult. Eventually, the individual is
unable to perform self-care, becomes incontinent, and is unable
to communicate. The person becomes emotionally detached and
may show sleep disturbances, restlessness, and hostility. In the
terminal stage, the person usually requires total care. The rate at
which an individual progresses through the disease varies; within
5 to 10 years, there is profound deterioration of intellectual and
physical ability.
