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EXAM D236 LESSON 7 LYMPHATIC SYSTEM, 2025/2026 WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
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EXAM D236 LESSON 7 LYMPHATIC SYSTEM, 2025/2026 WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
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EXAM D236 LESSON 7 LYMPHATICSYSTEM, 2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
acute inflammation
Acute inflammation can be triggered by various injurious stimuli,
such as infections, microbial toxins, physical injury, surgery,
cancer, chemical agents, tissue necrosis, foreign bodies, and
immune reactions.
The acute inflammatory reaction involves three main stages:
1. Vascular permeability - allows fluids,WBC & platlets to site
2. Cellular chemotaxis
3. Systemic responses
The classic external signs of inflammation are known as the five
cardinal signs: rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), calor (heat),
dolor (pain), and loss of function (function laesa).
HIV/AIDS
S/S - mononucleosis-like viral syndrome consisting of fever,
headache, fatigue, pharyngitis, GI symptoms, lymphadenopathy,
arthralgias, and myalgia occurs within 28 days of contracting the
virus
Leukemia
As discussed previously, the two basic categories of cells within
the bone marrow are myeloid and lymphoid cells. Leukemias that
affect the myeloid lineage are called myelocytic leukemias.
Leukemias that affect the lymphoid lineage are called
, lymphoblastic or lymphogenous leukemias.
2 types of bone marrow cells attacked - Myelocytic leukemias are
also called myelogenous, myeloblastic, or nonlymphocytic
leukemias, whereas lymphocytic leukemias are also called
lymphoblastic or lymphogenous leukemias.
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
the most common form of leukemia in adults over 70 years of
age; characterized by overproduction of lymphocytes
ALL is an aggressive cancer that is more common in children than
adults. ALL accounts for 75% of all pediatric leukemia cases, with
most affected children under age 5. The risk of ALL declines until
age 20 then increases in adults older than age 50. Survival rates
are 90% in children but only 20% to 40% in adults.
Risk Factors. There is no known cause of ALL, but previous
chemotherapy or radiation therapy for other diseases increases
the risk.
Pathophysiology. In ALL, the stem cell precursors for T or B
lymphocytes in the bone marrow do not function and do not
mature beyond the lymphoblast stage (also referred to as the
blast stage).
S/S - patients may present with frequent infection, ranging from
infected tonsils, canker sores, and diarrhea to life-threatening
pneumonia or opportunistic infections.
Also because of cancerous lymphoblasts crowding out healthy
RBCs in the bone marrow, the patient may present with anemia,
which causes fatigue, weakness, dizziness, dyspnea, and pallor.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
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