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Samenvatting Toegepaste dierkunde

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Toegepaste dierkunde

Institution
Hogeschool Gent (HoGent)

Deze samenvatting bevat alle informatie van toegepaste dierkunde van het begin tem. rogachtigen. 4/5 van de cursus. De samenvatting bevat veel tekeningen en foto's ter verduidelijking + tekeningen zijn zeer belangrijk voor op het examen. De samenvatting telt 108 pagina's.

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Uploaded on December 31, 2024
Number of pages 111
Written in 2024/2025
Type Summary

dierkunde
toegepaste dierkunde

Institution
Hogeschool Gent (HoGent)
Education
Agro En Biotechnologie Dierenzorg
Course
Toegepaste dierkunde

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TOEGEPASTE DIERKUNDE
INHOUDSOPGAVE

1. de basis: begrippen omtrent de dierlijke cel ...................................................................................................... 4

1.1 De kerndeling ................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.1 mitose ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.2 meiose .................................................................................................................................................... 7

2. indeling van het dierenrijk ................................................................................................................................ 10

2.1 indeling in rijken ............................................................................................................................................. 10

3. rijk eencelligen (protozoa en chromista)........................................................................................................... 12

3.1 algemene kenmerken..................................................................................................................................... 12

3.2 relevante stammen binnen de protozoa en chromista .................................................................................. 12

3.3 stam: trilhaardiertjes ..................................................................................................................................... 12
3.3.1 algemene kenmerken ........................................................................................................................... 12
3.3.2 Pantoffeldiertje .................................................................................................................................... 12
3.3.3 andere trilhaardiertjes ......................................................................................................................... 15

3.4 stam amoëben (amoebozoa) ......................................................................................................................... 16
3.4.1 algemene kenmerken ........................................................................................................................... 16
3.4.2 amoebe ................................................................................................................................................ 16
3.4.3 andere wortelpotigen .......................................................................................................................... 18

3.5 stam: zweephaardieren (euglenozoa)............................................................................................................ 18
3.5.1 algemene kenmerken ........................................................................................................................... 18
3.5.2 Trypanosoma spp. ................................................................................................................................ 19
3.5.3 andere zweephaardieren ..................................................................................................................... 19

3.6 stam: metamonada ....................................................................................................................................... 19
3.6.2 giardia duodenalis ................................................................................................................................ 20
3.6.3 Trichomonas gallinae ........................................................................................................................... 21

3.7 stam: sporendiertjes (miozoa, superklasse sporozoa) ................................................................................... 22
3.7.1 eimeria spp. .......................................................................................................................................... 22
3.7.2 Toxoplasma gondii ............................................................................................................................... 25
3.7.3 plasmodium spp. .................................................................................................................................. 27

4. stam: sponsen .................................................................................................................................................. 29

4.1 algemene kenmerken..................................................................................................................................... 29

4.2 indeling van de stam ...................................................................................................................................... 29

4.3 opbouw .......................................................................................................................................................... 29

4.4 levenscyclus en voortplanting ........................................................................................................................ 31

4.5 bijzonderheden .............................................................................................................................................. 31

5. stam: holtedieren ............................................................................................................................................. 32

5.1 algemene kenmerken..................................................................................................................................... 32

5.2 indeling van de stam ...................................................................................................................................... 32
5.2.1 klasse: kwalpoliepen (hydrozoa) .......................................................................................................... 32

1

, 5.2.2 klasse: schermkwallen (scyphozoa)...................................................................................................... 38
5.2.3 klasse: bloemdieren ............................................................................................................................. 38

6. stam: platwormen ............................................................................................................................................ 40

6.1 algemene kenmerken..................................................................................................................................... 40

6.2 indeling van de stam ...................................................................................................................................... 40

6.3 trilhaarwormen met drietakkige darm (orde: tricladida) .............................................................................. 40
6.3.1 algemene kenmerken ........................................................................................................................... 40
6.3.2 planaria spp. ......................................................................................................................................... 41

6.4 infraklasse: zuigwormen (trematoda)............................................................................................................ 42
6.4.1 algemene kenmerken ........................................................................................................................... 42
6.4.2 grote leverbot ....................................................................................................................................... 42
6.4.3 andere zuigwormen ............................................................................................................................. 44

6.5 infraklasse lintwormen (cestoda) ................................................................................................................... 46
6.5.1 algemene kenmerken ........................................................................................................................... 46
6.5.2 runderlintworm .................................................................................................................................... 46
6.5.3 andere lintwormen ............................................................................................................................... 48

7. stam: rondwormen (nermatoda) ...................................................................................................................... 50

7.1 algemene kenmerken..................................................................................................................................... 50

7.2 specifieke kenmerken spoelwormen .............................................................................................................. 50
7.2.1 vrijlevende draadwormen .................................................................................................................... 50
7.2.2 parasieten van mens en dier ................................................................................................................ 50
7.2.3 parasieten van planten......................................................................................................................... 53

8. stam: ringwormen (annelida) ........................................................................................................................... 54

8.1 algemene kenmerken..................................................................................................................................... 54

8.2 indeling van de stam ...................................................................................................................................... 54

8.3 subklasse borstelarme ringwormen ............................................................................................................... 54
8.3.1 algemene kenmerken ........................................................................................................................... 54

8.4 (sub)klasse: bloedzuigers (hirudinae)............................................................................................................. 62
8.4.1 algemene kenmerken ........................................................................................................................... 62
8.4.2 enkele soorten...................................................................................................................................... 63

8.5 borstelwormen (polychaeta) .......................................................................................................................... 63
8.5.1 algemene kenmerken ........................................................................................................................... 63
8.5.2 de zeepier (arenicola marina) .............................................................................................................. 63
8.5.3 enkele andere soorten ......................................................................................................................... 64

9. stam: weekdieren (mollusca) ............................................................................................................................ 65

9.1 algemene kenmerken..................................................................................................................................... 65

9.2 indeling van de stam ...................................................................................................................................... 65

9.3 klasse: tweekleppigen .................................................................................................................................... 65
9.3.1 algemene kenmerken ........................................................................................................................... 65
9.3.2 gewone mossel ..................................................................................................................................... 65
9.3.3 andere voorbeelden ............................................................................................................................. 71

9.4 slakken (gastropoda) ..................................................................................................................................... 72
9.4.1 gewone tuinslak ................................................................................................................................... 72

2

, 9.4.1.4 circulatiestelsel en ademhaling ............................................................................................................ 74
9.4.1.5 voortplanting ........................................................................................................................................ 75
9.4.2 de wulk ................................................................................................................................................. 76

9.5 klasse: koppotigen ......................................................................................................................................... 77
9.5.1 circulatiestelsel ..................................................................................................................................... 77
9.5.2 de mantelholte ..................................................................................................................................... 78
9.5.3 de schelp .............................................................................................................................................. 79

10. stam: geleedpotigen (arthropoda) .............................................................................................................. 80

10.1 substam: schaaldieren (crustacea) ................................................................................................................ 80
10.1.1 noorse kreeft ........................................................................................................................................ 80
10.1.2 watervlo ............................................................................................................................................... 85
10.1.3 andere schaaldieren ............................................................................................................................. 86

10.2 klasse: insecten .............................................................................................................................................. 88
10.2.1 voedsel ................................................................................................................................................. 89
10.2.2 circulatiestelsel ..................................................................................................................................... 90
10.2.3 vleugels ................................................................................................................................................. 90
10.2.4 ademhaling ........................................................................................................................................... 92
10.2.5 zintuigen ............................................................................................................................................... 94

11. stam: stekelhuidigen = echinodermata ....................................................................................................... 98

11.1 klasse zeesterren ............................................................................................................................................ 98
11.1.1 de gewone zeester ............................................................................................................................... 98
11.1.2 andere stekelhuidigen ........................................................................................................................ 101

12. stam: chordadieren ................................................................................................................................... 103

12.1 voortplanting ............................................................................................................................................... 103
12.1.1 de bevruchting ................................................................................................................................... 103
12.1.2 embryonale ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................... 104

12.2 substam: lancetvissen of schedellozen......................................................................................................... 106

12.3 substam: manteldieren ................................................................................................................................ 106

12.4 substam: gewervelden ................................................................................................................................. 107
12.4.1 infrastam: kaaklozen .......................................................................................................................... 108
12.4.2 superklasse: kraakbeenvissen ............................................................................................................ 109

3

, 1. DE BASIS: BEGRIPPEN OMTRENT DE DIERLIJKE CEL
− Ontwikkeling celmembraan: 1 vd. Belangrijkste gebeurtenissen die geleid heeft tot de vorming van
de eerste cellen
o Maakt het mogelijk alle nodige elementen van een cel samen te houden in een waterige
oplossingen te midden van een waterig milieu
o Moleculen in aanmerking: bestaan uit een vetoplosbaar en wateroplosbaar deel →
dubbelmembraan (waterige oplossing in te sluiten binnen een waterige oplossing

− Dierlijke cel: verschillende elementen en organellen
− Prokaryoten vs. Eukaryoten
o Prokaryoten: zonder kern
o Eukaryoten: kern; in deze kern zit genetisch materiaal (DNA)

− DNA wordt duidelijk afgescheiden van de rest van de celinhoud, cytoplasma; hier
gebeuren de meeste metabolische reacties (afbraak-en opbouwreacties)
o Deze reacties worden gedirigeerd door de verschillende celorganellen aanwezig
in cytoplasma
− 1 v/d belangrijkste celorganellen in de dierlijke cel is het mitochnodrium ➔ produceren
van energie
o Productie energierijke molecule ATP (adenosinetrifosfaat) uit de reactie van
zuurstof met voedingsstoffen

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