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Final exam straighter line microbiology with 100% verified questions and answers graded A+ updated material 2025

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Final exam straighter line microbiology with 100% verified questions and answers graded A+ updated material 2025 Which class of eukaryotic microorganisms can be subdivided into groups such as Mastigophora, Sarcodina, Ciliophora, and Apicomplexa? A. Helminths B. Algae C. Protozoa D. Fungi C. P...

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Final exam straighter line microbiology with 100%
verified questions and answers graded A+


updated material 2025


Which class of eukaryotic microorganisms can be subdivided into groups such as Mastigophora, Sarcodina,
Ciliophora, and Apicomplexa?

A. Helminths

B. Algae

C. Protozoa

D. Fungi

C. Protozoa are a diverse group of organisms that often prove difficult to classify into a taxonomy.



.

Genetic material can be excised from one chromosome and directly integrated into another via

A. conjugation.

B. transformation.

C. transduction.

D. transposons.



D. Transposons contain DNA that codes for enzymes that remove it from one site in the genome and integrate it
into another




Which immune cell secretes numerous cytokines that help to coordinate the response of other immune cells?

,A. B cell

B. TH cell

C. TC cell

D. Platelets

B. TH (or T Helper) cells mature in the thymus and become sensitized when it binds to an antigen/MHC complex.
Upon activation, it releases interleukins-2, -4, -5, and -6, and interferon gamma which help to activate
macrophages, B cells, and TC cells.




.

Which of the following enzymes are used to amplify DNA during PCR?

A. restriction endonuclease

B. DNA polymerase

C. reverse transcriptase

D. DNA ligase

B. DNA polymerase works during the extension stage of PCR by elongating a DNA primer with nucleotides
complementary to the template strand



In the nitrogen cycle, which of the following steps involves removal of nitrogen from the atmosphere by
bacteria?

Select one:

a. ammonification

b. denitrification

c. nitrification

d. nitrogen fixation



d. nitrogen fixation

In nitrogen fixation, nitrogen in removed from the atmosphere by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and converted to
ammonia.

,If enough H+ ions are added to pure water to raise the H+ concentration of the solution to ten times higher than
the original concentration, what is the resulting OH- concentration of the solution?

Select one:

a. 10^-4

b.10^-3

c.10^-5

d. 10^-8




Sexually produced offspring have traits from both parents and may develop variations that give them an
advantage for survival.

Fungi are able to reproduce asexually by creating conidiospores and sporangiospores. Which of the following is
an accurate explanation for why it is advantageous that they are also capable of sexual reproduction?

Select one:

a. Asexually produced offspring are more likely to compete for resources and will kill off the parental fungi.

b. Fungi normally produce sexually but produce asexually in harsh conditions such as severe drought.

c. Offspring from two parents may have variations in form and function that contribute to survival of the
species. Sexually produced offspring have traits from both parents and may develop variations that give them an
advantage for survival.

d. Sexual reproduction produces more offspring at a faster rate than spore formation.

c. Offspring from two parents may have variations in form and function that contribute to survival of the
species.




Plaques are areas in which the bacteria have been destroyed by the virus and all that remain are dead cells.

In a laboratory bacterial cell culture that has been infected by a virus, plaques are areas in which

Select one:

a. bacterial cells are resistant to the virus and have not been infected.

b. there is no nutrient available for the bacteria to grow.

c. the virus has spread and left behind the remains of dead cells. Plaques are areas in which the bacteria have
been destroyed by the virus and all that remain are dead cells.

, d. the virus has not yet spread to that area of cells.

c. the virus has spread and left behind the remains of dead cells.




The sun's energy travels in the form of packets of energy called photons.

The sun's energy is delivered as discrete packets that travel as waves and are called

Select one:

a. ATP.

b. carotenoids.

c. NADP.

d. photons. The sun's energy travels in the form of packets of energy called photons.



d. photons.



Which of the following is a characteristic of aerobic respiration?

Select one:

a. Oxygen-containing ions act as the final electron acceptors in electron transport.

b. The process includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. The three stages of aerobic
respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

c. Aerobic respiration produces a total of 2 ATP molecules.

d. Aerobic respiration produces lactic acid.

b. The process includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. The three stages of aerobic
respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.




The specialized codon signals the end of protein synthesis; there is not RNA because it is only needed if the
process is to continue.

In completing protein synthesis in a prokaryote, what basic message is carried by a specialized codon that has no
corresponding tRNA?

Select one:

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