CPHON Questions and Answers
Auer rods - answer AML distinguishing feature
Leukemia - answer Malignant disorder of the blood and blood forming organs
including the bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen
Cytogenetics for Leukemia - answer Ploidy; abnormalities found in more than 90% of
patients with ALL; with number of chromosomes and structures (translocation)
Hyperdiploidy in ALL - answer More than 46; favorable if not more than 50
Genetic associations with leukocytes - answer Trisomy 21, schwachman diamond
syndrome, neurofibromatosis, fanconi anemia, Bloom syndrome, ataxia telanflectasia
Favorable AML - answer Age >2, WBC <50K, female, absence of extramedullary
disease, BMI between 11&94th percentile, Down syndrome
Favorable ALL - answer Age 2-10 at diagnosis, WBC <50k, neg MRD at day 29
MRD - answer Ratio of leukemia cells to normal bone marrow cells; use DNA-PCR
probes; elevated = poor prognosis and increased risk of relapse
Goal is < 5% blasts
Consolidation in leukemia chemo - answer Peg, MTX, VCR, doxo, corticosteroid,
cytarabine, oral MTX, 6MP
Maintenance Chemo in leukemia - answer 2-3 years 6MP, MTX, VCR, corticosteroid,
CNS prophylaxis
Classifications for Leukemia - answer French American British and WHO
Immunophenotyping - answer Monoclonal antibodies that develop in response to
changes in the expression of cell surface antigens: cd10 positive in 80% of patients with
ALL
ALL - answer Most common risk for TLS
AML - answer Most common risk for DIC
Adolescents - answer Most common age group to be dx with lymphoma
, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - answer Originates in cells and organs of immune
system, more systemic, spreads rapidly and unpredictably and often aggressively,
lymphoid lineage
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma risk - answer Increased risk with wiskotts aldrich
syndrome, ataxia telanfiectisa, post BMT, SCIDS, AIDS, other immunosuppressive
disorders
EBV - answer Role unclear but thought to precede or occur with b-cell transformation
with Burkitts
4 types of Non hodgkins - answer Precursor (lymphoblastic), Burkitts, diffuse large B
cell, anaplastic large cell
Induction chemo for AML - answer 3-7 days of cytarabine, doxo, 6tg, prednisone,
vp16 ; abx and antifungal prophylaxis
Diploid - answer 46 chromosomes
Staging for non hodgkins - answer Ann Arbor or Murphy (st Jude)
Good prognostic for non hodgkins - answer Primary tumor head/neck/LN/GI stage 1
or 2
Poor prognostic for non hodgkins - answer Incomplete remission, increased tumor
burden, LDH> 1000, dealt in treatment
Hodgkin's lymphoma - answer Involves lymphatic system, including spleen and all
lymph nodes; characterized by reed sternburg cells
Reed-Sternberg cells - answer Abundant cytoplasm and large nucleus; most of
tumor composed of inflammatory cells and fibrosis due to cytokines release
Night sweats - answer Cardinal sign of lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma B cell sxs - answer Fatigue, fever for more than 3 days, weight
loss 10% in 6mo, night sweats
Favorable prognostic of hodgkins - answer Localized involvement, abscense of B
sxs and bulky disease
Unfavorable hodgkins - answer Advanced stage, B sxs, bulky disease, extranodal
disease, male, elevated ESR
Astrocytomas - answer Most common brain tumor ~50%
