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OCEAN 101 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT

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OCEAN 101 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT Describe how the continents move and identify the source of heat/energy that drive plate tectonics? - Answer-Continents are on top of giant slabs called Tectonic plates, that are apart of earth's crust. The plates hover on the mantle, which have co...

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  • December 31, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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OCEAN 101 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ALL CORRECT

Describe how the continents move and identify the source of heat/energy that drive
plate tectonics? - Answer-Continents are on top of giant slabs called Tectonic plates,
that are apart of earth's crust. The plates hover on the mantle, which have convection
currents that heat these plates which cause them to move.

Define what convection currents are and explain the process that creates them. -
Answer-Convection Currents are the currents within the mantle that transport the
tectonic plates above. They are created by the convection cells, that heat and rise to the
surface to create new crust and move older crust.

Identify the three types of plate boundaries and the seafloor features associated with
each type - Answer-1. Convergent boundaries: plates move/collide into each other
2. Divergent boundaries: plates that spread apart from each other (spreading zones)
3. Transform boundaries: plates slide past each other

Identify sites of seafloor creation, and the relative age of ocean crust - Answer-Sites of
seafloor spreading occur at divergent boundaries. Magma rises and creates new
seafloor (spreading centers). The age of crust increases the further it gets away from
the spreading center.

Explain how hydrothermal vents are formed and locate on a map where hydrothermal
vents are likely to be found - Answer-Hydrothermal vents are formed when water seeps
through cracks in the seafloor and is heated by nearby magma where are minerals
dissolved in the fluid. Hot, mineral rich fluid rises back to the seafloor and out of vent
openings. They are found only where there is volcanic activity (mid ocean ridges).

Explain how life at hydrothermal vents differs from life in the surface ocean - Answer-
Life at hydrothermal vents use the dissolved minerals to produce organic material --
Chemosynthesis, which is a biological conversion. The bacteria are autotrophs. Life
doesn't need sunlight.

Explain how an earthquake generates a tsunami - Answer-When an earthquake
happens, there is a sudden release of pressure that makes a large part of land slip up,
and that creates a tsunami.

, Can you explain the relationship between the sediment grain size found on a beach and
wave energy? - Answer-Big grains and rocks are found on beaches that have strong
and big wave energy, while beaches with small grains have smaller wave energy.

Can you explain why some beaches are rocky and others sandy? - Answer-Some
beaches are sandy because they are next to rivers, and rivers supply very small
sediments to beaches. Rocky beaches are formed when there are big waves that pull all
the small sediments away from the beach, leaving only the bigger rocks.

Can you explain why the Puget Sound area is so susceptible to landslides? - Answer-
The glacial till and glacial outwash are being weakened by human activity and natural
weathering, giving them a bigger chance to collapse.

Identify the major features of the beach anatomy - Answer--Berm: ledge or terrace with
flat tops
-Beach face: seaward slope
-Troughs and Bars: run parallel to beach
-Spits and Hooks
-Tombolos

Describe and explain the seasonal changes in beach anatomy - Answer-During the
summer, waves are small and pleasant, which slowly bring sediment up to the beach.
This makes them wider and have smaller grains.
During the winter, the waves get bigger due to storms, which crash on the beach and
pull the grains out to bars in the offshore. Lots of driftwood get washed up on the beach
as well. Beach gets narrow.

Explain how sediment is transported along a coast - Answer-Sediment is transported
along the coast by longshore transport. L.T is the process of waves hitting beaches at
an angle. This makes sediment take a zig-zag motion down the beach and be
distributed down the coast.

Identify sources and sinks of sediment to a beach
- Identify the processes that cause sediment to accumulate on a beach
- Identify the processes that remove sediment from the shore - Answer-Sources:
-Rivers
-Land Erosion
-Small Waves

Sinks:
-Longshore Transport
-Big Waves

Identify and describe how the structures humans build change the shoreline
-Identify and explain the consequences of building a groin (or seawall, or breakwater) to
protect your beach

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