Class notes
BIOL 141 Cell Division Lecture Notes
- Course
- BIOL 141
- Institution
- University Of Maryland - Baltimore
Detailed Notes on Cell Division. *All for YOU!!
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Cell division is the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells. Cell divisionis essential for the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms.
There are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is the process by which
a somatic cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Meiosis is the process by which
a germ cell divides into four daughter cells, each of which contains half the number of
chromosomes as the parent cell.
Mitosis
Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are genetically
identical to the parent cell. Mitosis is the process by which somatic cells divide. Somatic
cells are all the cells in the body except for the reproductive cells.
Mitosis occurs in four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
● Prophase: In prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible. The
nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromosomes line up in the center of the
cell.
● Metaphase: In metaphase, the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the
cell.
● Anaphase: In anaphase, the centromeres of the chromosomes divide and the
two sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
● Telophase: In telophase, the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the
nuclear envelopes reform. The cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are
formed.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each of which
contains half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis is the process by
which reproductive cells (gametes) are produced.
Meiosis occurs in two rounds of cell division, meiosis I and meiosis II.
● Meiosis I: In meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange
genetic material. The homologous chromosomes then separate and move to
opposite poles of the cell.
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