Exam (elaborations)

Exam 3: BIOS242/ BIOS 242 (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Fundamentals of Microbiology Review| Qs & As| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers)- Chamberlain

Name: Exam 3: BIOS242/ BIOS 242 (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Fundamentals of Microbiology Review| Qs & As| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers)- Chamberlain
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Exam 3: BIOS242/ BIOS 242 (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Fundamentals of Microbiology Review| Qs & As| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers)- Chamberlain Q: ESSAY #2 YOU HAVE A FRIEND THAT STEPS ON A OLD NAIL, SHE GOES TO THE DOCTOR AND HE TELL HER SHE HAS WOUND BOTULISM BUT YOU KNOW SHE HAS TETANUS. DISCUSS IN FOUR WAYS 1. WHAT TWO PATHOGEN CAUSE WOUND BOTULISM AND TETANUS? 2. WHAT BODY SYSTEM IS AFFECTED BY THESE 2 DISEASES. 3. WHAT TYPE OF PARALYSIS OCCURS IN EACH DISEASE? 4. HOW THE TOXINS SECRETED BY THESE PATHOGEN CAUSE PARALYSIS? 10 POINTS THIS ANSWER ALONE Answer: 1. Wound Botulism: Clostridium botulinum Tetanus: Clostridium tetani 2. Nervous system 3. Flaccid paralysis, Spastic paralysis 4. Botulinum Toxin (from C. botulinum): Blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction. Without acetylcholine, muscles cannot contract, leading to flaccid paralysis. Tetanospasmin (from C. tetani): Blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA and glycine) in the central nervous system. These neurotransmitters normally suppress muscle contractions to allow for relaxation. Without inhibition, motor neurons continuously fire, causing spastic paralysis (uncontrolled muscle contractions). Q: ESSAY #3 DESCRIBE THE PHASES OF PHAGOCYTOSIS (12 POINTS) How M. tuberculosis Survives Phagocytosis Answer: Step 1: Chemotaxis:Phagocytes move to infection site. Step 2: Phagocyte binds to the pathogen, helped by opsonization. Step 3: Pathogen is engulfed into a phagosome with pathogen. step 4: Phagosome fuses with a lysosome to form a phagolysosome. step 5: Enzymes and chemicals break down the pathogen. step 6: Debris release-Shows pieces to T cells for immune activation. Q: ESSAY#4-PICK FLU 15. PTS 1. COGNITIVE AGENT (WHAT CAUSE IT) 2. TYPE OF PATHOGEN

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Examl3:lBIOS242/lBIOSl242l(Latestl2025/
l2026lUpdate)lFundamentalsloflMicrobiology
lReview|lQsl&lAs|lGradelA|l100%lCorrectl
(VerifiedlAnswers)-lChamberlain

Q:lESSAYl#2lYOUlHAVElAlFRIENDlTHATlSTEPSlONlAlOLDlNAIL,lSHEl
GOESlTOlTHElDOCTORlANDlHElTELLlHERlSHElHASlWOUNDlBOTULIS
MlBUTlYOUlKNOWlSHElHASlTETANUS.lDISCUSSlINlFOURlWAYSl

1.lWHATlTWOlPATHOGENlCAUSElWOUNDlBOTULISMlANDlTETANUS?

2.lWHATlBODYlSYSTEMlISlAFFECTEDlBYlTHESEl2lDISEASES.

3.lWHATlTYPElOFlPARALYSISlOCCURSlINlEACHlDISEASE?

4.lHOWlTHElTOXINSlSECRETEDlBYlTHESElPATHOGENlCAUSElPARALY
SIS?l10lPOINTSlTHISlANSWERlALONE

Answer:
1.lWoundlBotulism:lClostridiumlbotulinum
lTetanus:lClostridiumltetani

2.lNervouslsystem

3.lFlaccidlparalysis,lSpasticlparalysis

4.lBotulinumlToxinl(fromlC.lbotulinum):
Blockslthelreleaseloflacetylcholinelatlthelneuromuscularljunction.
Acetylcholinelislthelneurotransmitterlresponsiblelforlmusclelcontraction.
Withoutlacetylcholine,lmuscleslcannotlcontract,lleadingltolflaccidlparalysis.

, Tetanospasminl(fromlC.ltetani):
Blockslthelreleaseloflinhibitorylneurotransmittersl(GABAlandlglycine)linlthelcent
rallnervouslsystem.
Theselneurotransmitterslnormallylsuppresslmusclelcontractionsltolallowlforlrelaxa
tion.
Withoutlinhibition,lmotorlneuronslcontinuouslylfire,lcausinglspasticlparalysisl(unc
ontrolledlmusclelcontractions).

Q:lESSAYl#3lDESCRIBElTHElPHASESlOFlPHAGOCYTOSISl(12lPOINTS)

HowlM.ltuberculosislSurviveslPhagocytosis

Answer:
Stepl1:lChemotaxis:Phagocyteslmoveltolinfectionlsite.

Stepl2:lPhagocytelbindsltolthelpathogen,lhelpedlbylopsonization.

Stepl3:lPathogenlislengulfedlintolalphagosomelwithlpathogen.
stepl4:lPhagosomelfuseslwithlallysosomeltolformlalphagolysosome.
stepl5:lEnzymeslandlchemicalslbreakldownlthelpathogen.
stepl6:lDebrislrelease-ShowslpiecesltolTlcellslforlimmunelactivation.

Q:lESSAY#4-PICKlFLUl15.lPTS

1.lCOGNITIVElAGENTl(WHATlCAUSElIT)

2.lTYPElOFlPATHOGENl

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bios 242 bios242 chamberlain microbiology exam
bios 242 bios242 chamberlain microbiology exam 1
bios 242 bios242 chamberlain microbiology exam 2
bios 242 bios242 chamberlain microbiology exam 3

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Exam 3: BIOS242/ BIOS 242 (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Fundamentals of Microbiology Review| Qs & As| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers)- Chamberlain

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