This document covers the last half of a 10 week biopsychology course. It has notes on the following topics: the chemistry of behavior, psychological pharmacology, neurotransmitters, vision and neural circuitry, hormones in behavior and sex organization. Covers chapters 4 -7 of "The Minds Machine".
EXAM 2 Review RECEPTORS ! NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Chapter 4 The of behavior (Blochem ) ! I N TR PIC CRITERIA
chemistry
:
>
- lon channels that when bound 1) can be synthesized and stored in axon terminals of presynaptic neurons
Soups vs . Sparks :
,
soups-chemicals crossed the
by a specific neurotransmitter, It
2)
is released when action potentials reach axon terminals
synaptic cleft
change shape to let certain lons 3 is recognized by specific receptors on the post synaptic membrane
sparks electrical signals crossed
=
the synaptic cleft
. 4) causes changes
pass through. in the post synaptic cell
Otto Loewi : won 1936 nobel prize >
-
these are the most efficient 5) blocking release inhibits functionality of both pre/post synaptic membranes
for proving"soups" was the answer
stimulated a frog heart to TYPES
↳ he lon transport channels
to organs .
pump a nutrient solution
It worked proving "soups" and
,
METAB TR PIC
Amino acid/peptide neurotransmitters : Heurotransmitters made up of a single /or
discovered acetylcholine . >
-
a receptor that s
not an small chain of amino acids. Examples : acetylcholine dopamine and
, ,
serotonin
lon channel meaning when gas neurotransmitters soluble gases that diffuse between neurons to alter ongoing
:
,
exogenous substances outside the body (drugs) a neurotransmitter attaches processes (and defy many neurotransmitter criterial
:
endogenous :
substances in the body (neurotrasmitter) to it it must send a 2nd
,
SPECIFICS
&
all acid
Eutamate
amino
messenger to open specific
↳ both
drugs and neurotransmitters effect the primary excitatory neurotransmitter the CNs
:
in or amine
IPSP neurotransmitters
to receptors on
brain by binding post con channels. GABA : primary inhibitory neurotransmitterIn the CNS
>
-
synaptic cells , affecting behavior. these allow a slower response Acetylcholine primary excitatory
:
neurotransmitter in smooth muscle
Electrochemical process involves electricity
moving down the axon ,
thus releasing chems .
While conotropic allows a faster Dopamine
:
can be excitatory and inhibitory based on receptor subtypes and ,
is the
into the synaptic cleft.
response "Feel good" neurotransmitter.
>
-
have
2 processes occur once neurotransmitters Norepinephrine : can be excitatory or inhibitory based on receptor subtype ,
is known
*
been released into the synaptic cleft. Glycine PNS inhibitory transmitter adrenaline
:
as
1) degredation 2) Reuptake like mood ,
serotonin : an inhibitory neurotransmitter that regulates things sleep appetite
,
SUMMARY pain , etc.
Substances bothInside (endo) and outside (exo) of the body can affect our mental function. Neurotransmitted (endogenous substances) can bind to conotropic receptors which allow
a fast reaction or metabotropic receptors that cause slow ones. There are multiple different neurotransmitters that can cause all sorts of inhibitory or excitatory neural signaling ,
which causes our overall brain function .
, AN A IDD)
RECEPTOR TYPES RECEPTOR BINDING NTAGONISTS/ANTAGONISTS
DIRECT AGONISTS : binds to
GLUTAMATE :
AMPA/NMDA conotropic receptors specific receptors GLUTAMATE :
EPSP In CNS
↳ AMPA by mimicking endogenous neurotransmitten and Agonist NMDA
:
receptors are the most plentiful in
the brain but NMDA receptors play a
key directly affects the response of postsynaptic cell .
Antagonist alcohol/hallucinogens
:
DIRECT ANTAGONISTS :
binds to specific receptor GABD IPSP CNS
learning/memory
:
role in the excitation of In
GABAD (iono) GABAB (metal and occupies receptor sites directly block GDBDa agonist benzos barbituates , steroids
to
any
:
GABD :
,
,
↳
GABAP receptors mediate excitability in correct neurotransmitter to the postsynaptic cell. GABA a antagonist picrotoxin (induces seizures)
:
EXAMPLE TETRODOTOXIN GDBAB agonist baclofen (muscle relaxant
: :
the brain to prevent seizures.
E
↳
diff blocks Nat channels from allowing Nat to GLYCINE :
IPSP In PNS
GABAB is also
inhibitory but via a .
mechanism (slower) cross the BBB and prevents transmission Antagonist Strychnine (convulsions)
:
,
causes
# GABA) Glutamate In the PNS. lock jaw and inhibits GDBA release
receptors are the only ones
we need to know + Serotonin 51-Treceptor
for mood regulation but ,
no other will be
tested . EFFECTS ON NEURO -
T
AGONISTS Increases the effects of neurotransmitter
:
on a post-synaptic cell (MORE inhibitory/excitatory
ANTAGONISTS :
decreases the effects of a
neurotransmitter on a post-synaptic cell
CLESS inhibitory / excitatory
SUMMARY
Amino acids are the most common neurotransmitters and serve as building blocks for proteins. The 3 main ones areolutamate , gaba and glycine . Each
,
receptor has either an agonist (that increases the NTS effect) or an antagonist (that prevents the effect of specific NTs).
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lucy59. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
