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samenvatting politiek en recht
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samenvatting politiek en recht (cursus + ppt's + nota's uit d lessen)
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POLITIEK EN RECHTSamenvatting SEM1 2023-2024
Cleymans Lotte
, 1
Politiek en recht
Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1 – kenmerken van de Belgische staat............................................................................................ 4
het ontstaan van België ....................................................................................................................................... 4
De grondwet ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Symbolen van justitia ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Wat is recht? ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Bronnen van het recht..................................................................................................................................... 5
Klassieke grondrechten ................................................................................................................................... 6
Sociale grondrechten....................................................................................................................................... 6
Scheiding der machten ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Voorbeeld ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Monarchie ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
Parlementaire en representatieve democratie .................................................................................................... 8
Evolutie van het stemrecht ............................................................................................................................. 8
Focus = politieke partijen ................................................................................................................................ 9
Ideologieën ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
Links of rechts.................................................................................................................................................. 9
Breuklijnen ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
Partijen zijn organisaties ............................................................................................................................... 10
Kritiek op politieke partijen ........................................................................................................................... 10
België is een rechtstaat ..................................................................................................................................... 10
5 voorwaarden .............................................................................................................................................. 11
De belgische staatsstructuur ............................................................................................................................. 11
4 taalgebieden ............................................................................................................................................... 11
Federale staat ................................................................................................................................................ 12
Verzorgingsstaat ............................................................................................................................................ 13
Evolutie naar internationale rechtsorde ....................................................................................................... 14
Nachtwaaksstaat naar sociale zekerheid naar actieve welvaartstaat .............................................................. 14
Hoofdstuk 2 – de politieke instellingen in België ........................................................................................... 15
Wetgevende macht ........................................................................................................................................... 15
DE KONING (de regering) .............................................................................................................................. 15
Het parlement ............................................................................................................................................... 15
Hoe komen wetten tot stand ............................................................................................................................. 16
Controle van de regering ............................................................................................................................... 16
Parlementaire onderzoekscommissie (enkel kamer) .................................................................................... 16
Uitvoerende macht (federale regering) ............................................................................................................. 17
De koning (federaal niveau) .......................................................................................................................... 17
, 2
De Belgische federale regering ...................................................................................................................... 17
Bevoegdheden van de regering..................................................................................................................... 18
Federale bevoegdheden (heel België) - nationaal ......................................................................................... 18
Rechtelijke macht (hoofdstuk 5) ........................................................................................................................ 18
Gemeenschappen en gewesten (de 2 deelstaten) ............................................................................................. 19
Vlaanderen .................................................................................................................................................... 19
Bevoegdheden............................................................................................................................................... 20
Vlaamse regering ........................................................................................................................................... 20
Provincies, gemeenten en het OCMW ............................................................................................................... 21
Provinciaal niveau ......................................................................................................................................... 21
Gemeentelijk niveau...................................................................................................................................... 21
Het OCMW .................................................................................................................................................... 23
Samenvatting hoofdstuk 2 – ruggengraad ........................................................................................................ 24
Hoofdstuk 3 – internationale rechtsorde....................................................................................................... 25
Globalisering...................................................................................................................................................... 25
De verenigde naties ........................................................................................................................................... 25
Structuur........................................................................................................................................................ 25
Raad van Europa ............................................................................................................................................... 26
Europese Unie.................................................................................................................................................... 26
Evolutie .......................................................................................................................................................... 26
Bevoegdheden............................................................................................................................................... 26
Instellingen .................................................................................................................................................... 27
Hoofdstuk 4 – rechten en vrijheden .............................................................................................................. 29
Volgorde: ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
Indeling: ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Bronnen: ............................................................................................................................................................ 29
Kritiek: ............................................................................................................................................................... 30
Inhoudelijk ......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Gelijkheid/ non-discriminatie ........................................................................................................................ 30
Recht op leven ............................................................................................................................................... 30
Folterverbod .................................................................................................................................................. 30
Recht op persoonlijke vrijheid en veiligheid.................................................................................................. 30
Behoorlijke rechtsbedeling............................................................................................................................ 30
Bijzonderheden: ............................................................................................................................................ 31
De intellectuele rechten en vrijheden ........................................................................................................... 31
Vrijheid van onderwijs, opvoedingsrecht ...................................................................................................... 31
Vrijheid van godsdienst en van filosofische overtuiging (scheiding kerk&staat) .......................................... 31
Vrijheid van vergadering ............................................................................................................................... 31
Vrijheid van vereniging .................................................................................................................................. 31
Vrijheid van taal............................................................................................................................................. 31
Economische, sociale en culturele rechten ................................................................................................... 31
, 3
Rechten van het kind (IVRK) .......................................................................................................................... 31
Rechten die voortvloeien uit bestuurlijke hernieuwingen ............................................................................ 31
Hoofdstuk 5 – Belgische gerechtelijke instellingen ........................................................................................ 32
Definitie rechtelijke macht................................................................................................................................. 32
Organisatie rechterlijke macht ...................................................................................................................... 32
Eenheid van rechtspraak ............................................................................................................................... 33
Territoriale organisatie rechtbanken............................................................................................................. 33
Indeling van het recht (klassieke indeling) ........................................................................................................ 34
Bevoegdheden rechterlijke macht ..................................................................................................................... 34
Gewone rechtbanken .................................................................................................................................... 34
Hoven ............................................................................................................................................................ 36
Controle op het bestuur ................................................................................................................................ 37
Controle van de wetgever: het Grondwettelijk Hof ...................................................................................... 38
Externe controle op rechtelijke macht ............................................................................................................... 38
Betrokenen bij een proces ................................................................................................................................. 38
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