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Samenvatting vraagstukken: gedrag en emotie
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VRAAGSTUKKENJanne De Schepper
,LES 1: EMOTIES – MENTALISEREN....................................................................4
EMOTIES............................................................................................................................ 4
Het belang van emoties............................................................................................... 4
Neurologie................................................................................................................... 5
Emotieschema’s.......................................................................................................... 5
Emotionele intelligentie?............................................................................................. 5
MENTALISEREN.................................................................................................................... 5
Intentie en effect......................................................................................................... 5
Cyclus in interacties............................................................................................................... 6
Versch dimensies......................................................................................................... 6
Metnaliserende basishouding......................................................................................6
Prementaliserende modi.............................................................................................. 7
Psychische equivalentie......................................................................................................... 7
Teleologische modus.............................................................................................................. 7
alsof modus............................................................................................................................ 7
EMOTIEREGULATIE................................................................................................................ 8
Window of tolerance.................................................................................................... 9
Emotieregulatie........................................................................................................... 9
Co- en zelfregulatie..................................................................................................... 9
Belangrijk vij co-regulatie....................................................................................................... 9
LES 2 : PRIKKELVERWREKING – MOEILIJK VERKLAARBAAR GEDRAG- CONFLICT. 10
PRIKKELVERWERKING EN- REGULATIE......................................................................................10
sensorische informatieverwerking.............................................................................10
problemen in de sensorische informatieverwerking..............................................................10
HERKADEREN VAN GEDRAG................................................................................................... 11
Herkaderen................................................................................................................ 11
integratief.................................................................................................................. 11
Mogelijke perspectieven....................................................................................................... 11
OMGAAN MET CONFLICT/ AGRESSIEF GEDRAG...........................................................................12
Conflict...................................................................................................................... 12
agressief gedrag........................................................................................................ 12
crisisontwikkelingsmodel !!!......................................................................................13
Signaleringsplan........................................................................................................ 14
Signaleringsplan maken....................................................................................................... 14
LES 3: ROUW................................................................................................ 14
EEN VROEGE (MAAR NOG ZEER AANWEZIGE) KIJK OP ROUW........................................................14
5-FASENMODEL VAN ELISABETH KÜBLER-ROSS.........................................................................15
4-FASENMODEL VAN BOWLBY EN PARKES................................................................................15
4-TAKEN MODEL VAN WILLIAM WORDEN.................................................................................15
6 R-PROCESENVAN THERESE RANDO.....................................................................................16
EVOLUTIES........................................................................................................................ 16
HET DUALE PROCESMODEL (STROEBE EN SCHUT, 1999)...........................................................17
2 copingstrategieën................................................................................................... 17
2 zijden...................................................................................................................... 17
HET DUALE PROCESMODEL (STROEBE EN SCHUT, 1999))..........................................................18
Verliesoriëntatie......................................................................................................... 18
Hersteloriëntatie........................................................................................................ 18
Oscillatie.................................................................................................................... 18
Wanneer loopt het mis?.............................................................................................18
GEZOND ROUWPROCES....................................................................................................... 18
Voorbeeld.................................................................................................................. 19
LES 4: GEHECHTHEID....................................................................................19
DE FUNCTIE VAN GEHECHTHEID............................................................................................. 19
VOORWAARDEN VOOR HET ONTSTAAN VAN EEN VEILIGE GEHECHTHEIDSRELATIE..............................19
ONTWIKKELING VAN EEN BASISPATROON/WERKMODEL................................................................20
VORMEN VAN GEHECHTHEID................................................................................................. 20
1
, Vermijdend-gehechte kinderen..................................................................................20
Ambivalent gehechte kinderen..................................................................................20
Gedesorganiseerd/verstoord gehechte kinderen.......................................................20
HECHTINGSSTOORNIS DSM-5.............................................................................................. 21
Risicofactoren – kenmerken gedrag van de ouder.....................................................21
Risicofactoren – kenmerken van het jonge kind.........................................................21
Risicofactoren: stabiliteit en continuïteit in het contact tussen ouder en kind...........21
Risicofactoren: gezins- en leefomstandigheden.........................................................21
GEHECHTHEID IN DE LEVENSLOOP.......................................................................................... 22
Adolescentie.............................................................................................................. 22
ROL VAN DE HULPVERLENER................................................................................................. 22
LES 5: ZELFVERWONDEND GEDRAG...............................................................22
WAT IS ZVG?................................................................................................................... 22
PREVALENTIE..................................................................................................................... 23
ADOLESCENTIE.................................................................................................................. 23
De functies van ZVG.................................................................................................. 23
Ontstaan en voortbestaan van ZVG...........................................................................24
Behandeling van ZVG................................................................................................ 24
Behandeling van ZVG door HV...................................................................................25
Tips voor ouders (en begeleiders).............................................................................25
LES 6: SUÏCIDE (PREVENTIE)..........................................................................26
VLESP........................................................................................................................ 26
Vertrekpunten richtlijn VLESP............................................................................................... 26
Doelstellingen richtlijn VLESP............................................................................................... 26
Uitgangspunten VLESP......................................................................................................... 26
Verklaringsmodellen en suïcidaal proces...................................................................27
Integratief model (Van Heeringen, 2007).............................................................................. 27
Het suïcidaal proces.................................................................................................. 28
Het suïcidale proces (Retterstol, 1993)................................................................................. 28
Basisprincipes in de hulpverlening............................................................................28
Contact maken..................................................................................................................... 29
Bevorderen van veiligheid.................................................................................................... 29
Betrekken van naasten......................................................................................................... 29
Continuïteit van zorg............................................................................................................ 29
DETECTIE......................................................................................................................... 30
Signalen herkennen..................................................................................................30
Expliciete dreiging..................................................................................................... 30
Waarschuwingssignalen.............................................................................................30
Bespreekbaar maken.................................................................................................30
Acute suïciderisico inschatten...................................................................................31
Suïcidaal gedrag verder onderzoeken.......................................................................31
Doorverwijzing........................................................................................................... 31
Safety-plan................................................................................................................ 31
NA EEN SUÏCIDEPOGING....................................................................................................... 32
Eerste opvang............................................................................................................ 32
Opvolging.................................................................................................................. 32
AANDACHTSPUNTEN BIJ JONGEREN......................................................................................... 32
Risicogroep................................................................................................................ 32
Gesprek met de jongere............................................................................................ 32
Betrekken van de ouders........................................................................................... 32
NA EEN SUÏCIDE................................................................................................................. 32
Melden aan de politie................................................................................................32
Huisarts..................................................................................................................... 32
Nabestaanden........................................................................................................... 32
Medepatiënten of -bewoners.....................................................................................33
De hulpverlener als nabestaande..............................................................................33
LES 7: VERSLAVING......................................................................................33
2
, Terminologie.............................................................................................................. 33
Een korte geschiedenis, verklaringsmodellen............................................................33
DSM 5: stoornis in gebruik van een middel................................................................34
NEUROBIOLOGIE VAN VERSLAVING......................................................................................... 34
Positive-reïnforcement learning.................................................................................34
Incentive-sensitization...............................................................................................35
Habit formation.......................................................................................................... 35
Negatieve reinforcement learning.............................................................................35
Cognitive control....................................................................................................... 35
PSYCHOLOGIE VAN VERSLAVING............................................................................................. 35
Motivationele processen............................................................................................ 35
Controlerende processen........................................................................................... 36
PREVENTIE........................................................................................................................ 36
Indeling op basis van doelgroep................................................................................36
Indeling op basis van fase waarin de ‘aandoening’ zich bevindt................................36
Doelen....................................................................................................................... 36
Schoolgerichte preventie...................................................................................................... 37
Gezinsgericht preventie........................................................................................................ 37
Massamediale preventie....................................................................................................... 37
MOTIVERENDE GESPREKSVOERING......................................................................................... 37
De ‘spirit’................................................................................................................... 37
4 processen............................................................................................................... 37
Vaardigheden............................................................................................................ 37
Verandertaal.............................................................................................................. 38
LES 8: GASTCOLLEGE VERSLAVING EN HARM REDUCITON...............................38
GESCH V/H CONCEPT VERSLAVING......................................................................................... 38
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAAL MODEL.................................................................................................. 40
VERSLAVING IS EEN CHRONISCHE HERSENZIEKTE.......................................................................40
mythe van demonische drugs....................................................................................40
Nuancering producten...............................................................................................41
Skinner box vs rat park..............................................................................................41
Dislocation theory/ ontwirchtingstheorie...................................................................41
VERSLAVING...................................................................................................................... 42
HARM REDUCTION.............................................................................................................. 42
Referentiekader: harm reduction...............................................................................42
HR in autoverkeer................................................................................................................. 42
HR in sexualiteitsbeleving.................................................................................................... 42
HR in druggebruik................................................................................................................ 42
Uitgangspunten HR.................................................................................................... 43
HR vertrekt vanuit een aantal vaststellingen.............................................................43
Voorbeelden Harm reduction................................................................................................ 43
LES 9 : PSYCHOFARMACOLOGIE.....................................................................43
INLEIDING: BEGRIPPEN......................................................................................................... 43
Werking van psychofarmaca?....................................................................................44
Risico’s / kritieken...................................................................................................... 44
Belangrijke principes bij het toedienen van medicatie..........................................................44
Indeling...................................................................................................................... 45
Informatieoverdracht in de hersenen.........................................................................45
Neuronen............................................................................................................................. 45
Delen van een neuron.......................................................................................................... 46
Informatieoverdracht door neuronen.................................................................................... 46
Neurotransmitters................................................................................................................ 47
Functie en werking van psychofarmaca....................................................................47
Antidepressiva........................................................................................................... 48
Indeling van de groep van antidepressiva en hun werkzame stoffen (middelen)..................48
Selectieve serotonineopnameremmers (SSRI’s)...................................................................49
Mono-amine-oxidase-remmers (MAO-remmers)...................................................................49
Antidepressiva: meer dan anti-depressiva ........................................................................... 49
Anti-psychotica.......................................................................................................... 50
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