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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY STUDY GUIDE REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY STUDY GUIDE REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY STUDYGUIDE REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Theory and what it provides - answer-- explanation of a set of related observations or
events based upon proven hypotheses and verified multiple times
- must have parsimony, predictive power, and explanatory power
Hypothesis - answer-- prediction based on theory about what will occur when we
manipulate a specific variable
Independent variable - answer-- manipulated variable
- variable we believe is caused by causing the effect
Dependent variable - answer-- measured variable
- variable we believe is caused by independent variable
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) - answer-- used for measuring brain
activity
- magnetic field produces changes in atoms of blood
Positron emission tomography (pet) - answer-- measures blood flow into brain
- invasive; patient is injected with radioactive chemical
Sensation vs. Perception - answer-- sensation: the simple awareness of sensory stimuli
- perception: using previous knowledge to gather and interpret sensory stimuli
Bottom-up processing - answer-- data driven processing
- processing based on incoming data from the environment
- emphasizes characteristics of stimulus
Top-down processing - answer-- experience driven processing
- emphasizes a person's concepts, expectations, and memories and their influence on
perception
Accommodation - answer-- flattening of the lens to see far away
- curving of the lens to see closer objects
Properties of light waves: length - answer-- determines color
Properties of light waves: amplitude - answer-- brightness
Properties of light waves: purity - answer-- saturation, richness of color
, Rods and cones - answer-- rods: night vision, 120 million, photoreceptors, very few in
fovea
- cones: color and detail, 6 million, most in fovea
Distal stimulus - answer-- object in physical environment
Proximal stimulus - answer-- information registered on your sensory stimulus
Signal detection theory: hit - answer-- when the participant reports the target as being
present and it is present
Signal detection theory: miss - answer-- when the participant reports the target as
absent when it was present
Signal detection theory: false alarm - answer-- when the participant reports the target as
being present, when the target was absent
Signal detection theory: correct rejection - answer-- when the participant reports the
target as being absent and the target was absent
Signal recovery - answer-- separation of stimulus and noise patterns
Know the results of signal detection experiment - answer-- as distractors increase,
ability to detect target pattern decreases
- more evidence is required to make a decision about whether target was present
Word superiority effect - answer-- a single letter is more rapidly and accurately
recognized when it appears in a meaningful word than when alone or in a string of
meaningless letters
Change blindness - answer-- failure to detect a change in a scene due to over use of
top down processing
Inattentional blindness - answer-- failure to notice when an unexpected but completely
usable object appears
- due to attention demands
Face perception - answer-- faces are recognizes holistically: overall shape and structure
Prosopagnosia - answer-- inability to recognize human faces
Face inversion effect - answer-- humans are not good at recognizing inverted faces
Speech perception - answer-- process by which the auditory system records sound
vibrations and translates it into speech
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