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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY: STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY: STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY: STUDY GUIDEEXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Functionalism - Answer-concerned with the adaptive purpose, or function, of mind and
behavior
Stream of consciousness - Answer-each person's continuous series of ever-changing
thoughts
Evolutionary theory - Answer-major influence on functionalism; adaptations are the
physical characteristics, skills, or abilities that increase the chances of reproduction or
survival and are therefore likely to be passed along to future generations
Sigmund Freud - Answer-was a neurologist; found that patients had physical symptoms
caused by psychological factors; proposed that much of human behavior is determined
by unconscious mental processes; developed psychoanalysis, an early form of
psychotherapy
Behaviorism - Answer-emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing
behavior; pioneered by John B. Watson and further developed by B. F. Skinner
Gesalt Movement - Answer-arose in opposition to structuralism; the whole of personal
experience is different from the sum of its perceptions (constituent elements); influenced
many areas of psychology, including vision and personality
Humanistic psychology - Answer-focuses on the basic goodness of people and how
they become happier and more fulfilled
Cognitivism - Answer-psychology focuses on how thoughts influence behavior;
neuroscience studies neural mechanisms underlying thought, learning, and memory
Structuralism - Answer-identify basic parts, or structures, of the conscious mind
Functionalism - Answer-describe how the conscious mind aids adaptation to an
environment
Psychoanalytic theory - Answer-understand how unconscious thoughts cause
psychological disorders
Gesalt movement - Answer-study subjective perceptions as a unified whole
Behaviorism - Answer-describe behavior in response to environmental stimuli
, Humanistic psychology - Answer-investigate how people become happier and more
fulfilled; focus on the basic goodness of people
Cognitivism - Answer-explore internal mental processes that influence behavior
Brain chemistry, brain functioning, and neural functioning; brain imaging; the human
genome - Answer-Understanding of human behavior has been influenced by research
on:
Biological psychology - Answer-study how biological systems give rise to mental activity
Cognitive psychology/neuroscience - Answer-study attention, perception, memory,
problem solving, and language, often based on brain processes
Developmental psychology - Answer-study how people change from infancy through old
age
Personality psychology - Answer-study enduring characteristics that people display over
time and across circumstances
Social psychology - Answer-study how people are affected by others
Cultural psychology - Answer-study how people are influenced by the societal rules that
dictate behavior in their cultures
Clinical psychology - Answer-study the factors that cause psychological disorders and
the best methods to treat them
Industrial/organizational psychology - Answer-study issues pertaining to industry and
the workplace
Description; prediction; control; explanation - Answer-The primary goals of science are:
Scientific method - Answer-systematic and dynamic procedure of observing
And measuring phenomena in order to describe,
Predict, control, and explain them
Research - Answer-a scientific process that involves the careful
Collection, analysis, and interpretation of data
Theory - Answer-asks questions about how an observable thing works; consists of
interconnected ideas
Hypothesis - Answer-an attempt to answer a theory's questions; consists of a testable
prediction that should be observed if the theory is correct
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