PSYCH EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Which of the following is an accurate statement about Roediger & Karpicke's
experiment on the testing effect? - Answer-Students who took a practice test after
learning some new information remembered significantly more than those who had
more time to study if the final test was 2 days or 1 week later.
According to John Nestojko's research, published in the journal Memory and Cognition,
students' learning was improved when they - Answer-Imagined (thought about) how
they would teach the material to another student.
Based on the research finding from Dunlosky et al (2013), sort each of the following
techniques into the appropriate category of their effectiveness. (The Best = high, The
Worst = low, The Rest = med) - Answer-
Explaining things to yourself in detail as you read them - Answer-medium
Forming word associations (i.e., mnemonics) to remember the meaning or key words or
phrases [ Select ] ["low", "medium", "high"] - Answer-medium
Highlighting key ideas and phrases in a text [ Select ] ["medium", "low", "high"] -
Answer-low
Practice testing [ Select ] ["low", "high", "medium"] - Answer-high
Rereading the text or your notes [ Select ] ["low", "high", "medium"] - Answer-low
Spreading out studying over a long period of time [ Select ] ["high", "medium", "low"] -
Answer-high
Thinking critically about everything you read by asking "why" (i.e., elaborative
integration) [ Select ] ["low", "medium", "high"] - Answer-medium
Underlining key ideas and phrases in a text [ Select ] ["medium", "low", "high"] - Answer-
low
Using mental imagery to help remember concepts - Answer-medium
Writing your own summary of the main points [ Select ] ["medium", "high", "low"] -
Answer-low
,Which of the following is true about the methodology/results that Roediger & Karpicke
(2006) reported? - Answer-Studying for more time yielded better performance on the
final test when it was given 5 minutes later
Who was more confident in the amount of information they could remember on the final
test of what they had learned? - Answer-The students that studied more
Match each essential activity to how it helps the brain - Answer-
Provides short-term oxygen boost to the brain and plays an important role in
maintaining a healthy and efficient blood supply to the brain - Answer-exercise
Helps organize information in the brain - Answer-sleep
Provides fuel that gives essential nutrients needed for a wide range of complex function
- Answer-food
Information learned before going to sleep is remembered better than information
learned earlier in the day. - Answer-True
Mary is a student who wants to learn a new skill by trying hard. She doesn't compare
herself to others much. Mary is ___ oriented. - Answer-task
Self-handicapping is motivated by a desire to - Answer-Protect our self-esteem
Berglas & Jones (1978) gave participants either an easy or impossible task and,
regardless of their performance, told everyone that they had performed very well.
Before attemptingthe task again, those that had been given 16 impossible problems
chose to take theperformance-hindering drug. - Answer-True
According to the article on mindfulness, what is a possible reason for *why* meditation
improves academic performance? (check all that apply) - Answer-It can increase mental
clarity
It can increase self-discipline
It can increase focus and concentration
Researchers suggest that one reason for weaker effects of mindfulness meditation in
the classes with more seniors is that.... - Answer-freshman with poor self-regulation are
more likely to leave the university
How many times did the team in white pass the basketball? - Answer-15
What percentage of students using their phones noticed the clown on the unicycle
cycling around campus? - Answer-25%
, When we focus our attention on one thing and in turn fail to notice everything else that's
going on, this is called inattentional ___. (Single Word Response) - Answer-blindness
Using your laptop in class to take notes (as compared to taking notes on paper)
improves your ability to recall information from that lesson. - Answer-False
Roberts & Curtis found that students who used their phone most of the class meeting
did _____ on a surprise quiz compared to those who used their phone some of the time:
- Answer-worse
Testing the idea that laptops can create a cone of distraction, Sana et al. (2013) found
that those sitting behind other distracted students scored ___ percentage points worse
than those who were not distracted. - Answer-17
Another term for thinking about thinking is _____. (enter only one word) - Answer-
metacognition
Which of the following would be an example of metacognition? - Answer-Adjusting your
study habits based on what you have learned about memory and cognition
Which of the following is true about the experiment by Schneider and Shiffrin (1977)?
Check ALL that apply - Answer-They asked participants to detect whether a specific
letter appeared on the screen
The target letters either changed after every 100 trials or remained the same throughout
the entire task
After completing the Stroop Task the response screen explains that most people
respond faster and more accurately to the ___ trials - Answer-Congruent (e.g., the word
"RED" is written in red ink)
The explanation on the results screen of the Stroop task explained that for many of us,
the act of ___ has become an automatic process that is hard to suppress. - Answer-
Reading the word
When our mind is occupied with effortful tasks we are under cognitive ___. - Answer-
Load
We need our motivation to determine allocation because - Answer-We have limited
cognitive resources so we need to use them on what is most important to us at the time
Frank is a University of Maryland student at a party in DC. Which example illustrates the
"cocktail party effect?" - Answer-Frank heard someone nearby say "I'm a Terp" and
turned his head to listen more to that conversation, as it was relevant to him.
ANSWERS
Which of the following is an accurate statement about Roediger & Karpicke's
experiment on the testing effect? - Answer-Students who took a practice test after
learning some new information remembered significantly more than those who had
more time to study if the final test was 2 days or 1 week later.
According to John Nestojko's research, published in the journal Memory and Cognition,
students' learning was improved when they - Answer-Imagined (thought about) how
they would teach the material to another student.
Based on the research finding from Dunlosky et al (2013), sort each of the following
techniques into the appropriate category of their effectiveness. (The Best = high, The
Worst = low, The Rest = med) - Answer-
Explaining things to yourself in detail as you read them - Answer-medium
Forming word associations (i.e., mnemonics) to remember the meaning or key words or
phrases [ Select ] ["low", "medium", "high"] - Answer-medium
Highlighting key ideas and phrases in a text [ Select ] ["medium", "low", "high"] -
Answer-low
Practice testing [ Select ] ["low", "high", "medium"] - Answer-high
Rereading the text or your notes [ Select ] ["low", "high", "medium"] - Answer-low
Spreading out studying over a long period of time [ Select ] ["high", "medium", "low"] -
Answer-high
Thinking critically about everything you read by asking "why" (i.e., elaborative
integration) [ Select ] ["low", "medium", "high"] - Answer-medium
Underlining key ideas and phrases in a text [ Select ] ["medium", "low", "high"] - Answer-
low
Using mental imagery to help remember concepts - Answer-medium
Writing your own summary of the main points [ Select ] ["medium", "high", "low"] -
Answer-low
,Which of the following is true about the methodology/results that Roediger & Karpicke
(2006) reported? - Answer-Studying for more time yielded better performance on the
final test when it was given 5 minutes later
Who was more confident in the amount of information they could remember on the final
test of what they had learned? - Answer-The students that studied more
Match each essential activity to how it helps the brain - Answer-
Provides short-term oxygen boost to the brain and plays an important role in
maintaining a healthy and efficient blood supply to the brain - Answer-exercise
Helps organize information in the brain - Answer-sleep
Provides fuel that gives essential nutrients needed for a wide range of complex function
- Answer-food
Information learned before going to sleep is remembered better than information
learned earlier in the day. - Answer-True
Mary is a student who wants to learn a new skill by trying hard. She doesn't compare
herself to others much. Mary is ___ oriented. - Answer-task
Self-handicapping is motivated by a desire to - Answer-Protect our self-esteem
Berglas & Jones (1978) gave participants either an easy or impossible task and,
regardless of their performance, told everyone that they had performed very well.
Before attemptingthe task again, those that had been given 16 impossible problems
chose to take theperformance-hindering drug. - Answer-True
According to the article on mindfulness, what is a possible reason for *why* meditation
improves academic performance? (check all that apply) - Answer-It can increase mental
clarity
It can increase self-discipline
It can increase focus and concentration
Researchers suggest that one reason for weaker effects of mindfulness meditation in
the classes with more seniors is that.... - Answer-freshman with poor self-regulation are
more likely to leave the university
How many times did the team in white pass the basketball? - Answer-15
What percentage of students using their phones noticed the clown on the unicycle
cycling around campus? - Answer-25%
, When we focus our attention on one thing and in turn fail to notice everything else that's
going on, this is called inattentional ___. (Single Word Response) - Answer-blindness
Using your laptop in class to take notes (as compared to taking notes on paper)
improves your ability to recall information from that lesson. - Answer-False
Roberts & Curtis found that students who used their phone most of the class meeting
did _____ on a surprise quiz compared to those who used their phone some of the time:
- Answer-worse
Testing the idea that laptops can create a cone of distraction, Sana et al. (2013) found
that those sitting behind other distracted students scored ___ percentage points worse
than those who were not distracted. - Answer-17
Another term for thinking about thinking is _____. (enter only one word) - Answer-
metacognition
Which of the following would be an example of metacognition? - Answer-Adjusting your
study habits based on what you have learned about memory and cognition
Which of the following is true about the experiment by Schneider and Shiffrin (1977)?
Check ALL that apply - Answer-They asked participants to detect whether a specific
letter appeared on the screen
The target letters either changed after every 100 trials or remained the same throughout
the entire task
After completing the Stroop Task the response screen explains that most people
respond faster and more accurately to the ___ trials - Answer-Congruent (e.g., the word
"RED" is written in red ink)
The explanation on the results screen of the Stroop task explained that for many of us,
the act of ___ has become an automatic process that is hard to suppress. - Answer-
Reading the word
When our mind is occupied with effortful tasks we are under cognitive ___. - Answer-
Load
We need our motivation to determine allocation because - Answer-We have limited
cognitive resources so we need to use them on what is most important to us at the time
Frank is a University of Maryland student at a party in DC. Which example illustrates the
"cocktail party effect?" - Answer-Frank heard someone nearby say "I'm a Terp" and
turned his head to listen more to that conversation, as it was relevant to him.
