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PSYCHOLOGICAL STATISTICS EXAM (CHAPTERS 1-4) QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGICAL STATISTICS EXAM (CHAPTERS 1-4) QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGICAL STATISTICS EXAM(CHAPTERS 1-4) QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Independent Variable - Answer-variable that is manipulated in an experiment; remains
unchanged between conditions being observed in an experiment
Dependent Variable - Answer-variable that is measured in each group of a study, and is
believed to change in the presence of the independent variable
Operational Definition - Answer-description of some observable event in terms of the
specific process or manner by which it was observed or measured
Quasi-Independent Variable - Answer-a preexisting variable that is often a characteristic
inherent to an individual, which differentiates the groups or conditions being compared
in research study
are rules for how the properties of numbers can change with different uses - Answer-
Scales of Measurement
Nominal Scales - Answer-are measurements in which a number is assigned to
represent something or someone
Ordinal Scales - Answer-are measurements that convey order or rank alone
Interval Scales - Answer-are measurements that have no true zero and are distributed
in equal units
True Zero - Answer-when the value 0 truly indicates nothing on a scale of
measurement; interval scales do not have a true zero
Continuous Variable - Answer-measured along a continuum at any place beyond the
decimal point; can be measured in fractional units
Discrete Variable - Answer-measured in whole units or categories that are not
distributed along a continuum
Quantitative Variable - Answer-varies by amount; this variable is measured numerically
and is often collected by measuring or counting
Qualitative Variable - Answer-varies by class; this variable is often represented as a
label and describes nonnumeric aspects of phenomena
, Frequency - Answer-number of times or how often a category, score, or range of scores
occurs
Frequency Distribution - Answer-a summary display for a distribution of data organized
or summarized in terms of how often a category, score, or range of scores occurs
Simple Frequency Distribution - Answer-a summary display 1) the frequency of each
individual score or category (ungrouped data) in a distribution or 2) the frequency of
scores falling within defined groups or intervals (grouped data) in a distribution
Grouped Data - Answer-a set of scores distributed into intervals, where the frequency of
each score can fall into any given interval
Interval - Answer-a discrete range of values within which the frequency of a subset of
scores is contained
Real Range - Answer-one more than the difference between the largest and smallest
value in a data set
Interval Width/ Class Width - Answer-range of values contained in each interval of a
grouped frequency distribution
Interval Boundaries - Answer-upper and lower limits for each interval in a grouped
frequency distribution
Lower Boundary - Answer-smallest value in each interval of a frequency distribution
Upper Boundary - Answer-largest value in each interval of a frequency distribution
Open Interval/ Open Class - Answer-an interval with no defined upper or lower
boundary
Outliers - Answer-are extreme scores that fall substantially above or below most of the
scores in a particular data set
Cumulative Frequency Distribution - Answer-a summary display that distributes the sum
of frequencies across a series of intervals
Relative Frequency Distribution - Answer-a summary display that distributes the
proportion of scores in each interval; it is computed as the frequency in each interval
divided by the total number of frequencies recorded
Proportion - Answer-a part or portion of all measured data; sum of all proportions for a
distribution of scores is 1.0
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