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PSYCHOLOGY (CENGAGE) EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY (CENGAGE) EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY (CENGAGE) EXAMQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The cross-sectional method is subject to generational effects resulting from participants
having been born at a particular point in history; this is also called the ____. - Answer-
cohort effect
What is one advantage of using naturalistic observation over the case study method? -
Answer-Looking at a much larger group supports application of the results to the
general population.
A variable that is irrelevant to the hypothesis being tested and that can alter a
researcher's conclusions is called ____. - Answer-a confounding variable
An experimental design for assessing age-related changes in which data are obtained
from the same individuals at intervals over a long period is called a ____. - Answer-
longitudinal study
The SAT II single-subject achievement test shows the highest positive correlation with
first-year college grades compared with both the SAT I aptitude test and high school
grade point average. This indicates that of the three tests, it is the most ____. - Answer-
valid
A measure of how tightly clustered a group of scores is around their mean is called the
____. - Answer-standard deviation
Statistical methods that organize data into meaningful patterns and summaries, such as
finding the average value, are called ____. - Answer-descriptive statistics
Statistical methods that allow experimenters to extend conclusions from samples to
larger populations are called ____. - Answer-inferential statistics
A statistical analysis of many previous experiments on a single topic is called a ____. -
Answer-meta-analysis
The consistency of a measure, including test-retest, inter-rater, inter-method, and
internal consistency, is called ____. - Answer-reliability
What is inter-rater reliability used for? - Answer-to access the degree of reliability to
different raters/observers and give consistent estimates of the same phenomenon
What is test-retest reliability used for? - Answer-to access the consistency of a measure
from one time to another
, What is internal consistency used for? - Answer-to access the consistency of results
across items within a test
What is inter-method reliability used for? - Answer-to access the degree to which results
are consistent when there is a variation in the methods used
The mean, median, and mode are all measures of a data set's ____. - Answer-central
tendency
A standard for deciding whether an observed result is due to chance is called ____. -
Answer-statistical significance
Conducting a meta-analysis often provides a ____. - Answer-clearer picture of a
phenomenon than single experiments observed in isolation
Like most sciences, psychology has accepted as a standard for statistical significance
the odds that in 5 out of 100 occurrences an observed result is ____. - Answer-due to
chance
Researchers working in universities and other agencies receiving federal funding must
receive the approval of _____ for research that involves human participants. - Answer-
institutional review boards (IRBs)
Which of these must an Institutional Review Board include? - Answer-One member of
the community outside the university or agency
While people who volunteer to participate in research are probably quite different in
important ways from those who don't volunteer, most psychologists have chosen to
prioritize ____. - Answer-research ethics over the generalizability of research results
According to the American Psychological Association's guidelines, research animals
____. - Answer-may be euthanized in accordance with veterinary standards
Psychology as a discipline dates back to ____. - Answer-the 1870s
The psychology family tree includes two major roots: ____. - Answer-philosophy and the
natural sciences
he process of recording personal observations of one's thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors in a journal is called _____________. - Answer-introspection
Psychological scientists view the mind as a way of talking about ___. - Answer-the brain
and its activities
Philosophers and psychologists have a shared interest in, among other things, ______.
- Answer-the origin of knowledge
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