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RUTGERS GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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RUTGERS GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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RUTGERS GENERAL PSYCHOLOGYEXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is naturalistic observation? How is it limited? - Answer-A descriptive technique of
observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to
manipulate and control the situation
What is the survey method? - Answer-Survey Method: asking people questions about
their thoughts, feelings, desires, and actions and recording their answers.
What are wording effects? - Answer-How the phrasing of question might affect people's
expressed opinions.
What is response bias? - Answer-influence the response of participants away from an
accurate or truthful response.
What is random sampling? - Answer-Everyone in the population has an equal chance of
being studied
What is the correlational method? - Answer-a measure of the extent to which two
factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.
What are positive and negative correlations? - Answer-a statistical index of the
relationship between two things from (-1.00 to +1.00)
Does correlation indicate causation? What are the other alternatives? - Answer-Positive
Correlation: indicates a direct relationship, meaning that two things increase together or
decrease together.
For example) height and weight
Negative Correlation: indicates an inverse relationship. As on thing increases, the other
decreases.
Example) hours of tv watched.
Correlation does not indicate causation because correlations do not come with built in
cause-effect arrows.
What is experimentation?
What are IVs and DVs?
What are experimental and control conditions?
What is random assignment?
What is the placebo effect?
What is the expectancy effect?
What are double-blind procedures?
What is a confound?
, What is experimental control? - Answer-Experimentation: researcher changes one
variable in a controlled situation and observes the effects of that change on other
aspects of the situation.
Independent Variable: Manipulated by experimenter. Effect is being studied.
Dependent Variable:
Outcome Variable. Outcome that is measures
Random Assignment- participants have an equal chance of being in every experiment
group.
Placebo Effect:caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the
administration of an inert substance or condition; which the recipient assumes is in
active agent
Expectancy Effect: a form of reactivity that occurs in scientific experiments or medical
treatments when a research subject or patient expects a given result.
Double Blind Procedures: an experimental procedures in which both research
participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants
have received the treatment or a placebo.
Cofound: A factor other than the factor being studied that might produce an effect
Experimental Control: group not exposed to the treatment.
What is generalizability? - Answer-Of an outcome to other groups and settings
What is replication? - Answer-Repetition of a study. Repeating the essence of a
research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether
the basic findings can be reproduced.
What are the mean, median, and mode? - Answer-Mean-Average of all Scores
Median-The middle Score
Mode- Most frequently Occurring Score
What is statistical significance? - Answer-Probability that results are due to chance
What are neurons? - Answer-A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous
system
What are dendrites, the cell body, and axons? - Answer-Dendrites: a neuron's often
bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the
cell body
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