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SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAMQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Locus of Control - Answer-The extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally
controllable by their own efforts and actions of as externally controlled by chance or
outside force.
Learned Helplessness - Answer-The hopelessness and resignation learned when a
human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events; when animals and
people experience uncontrollable bad events, they learn to feel helpless and resigned.
Self-Serving Bias - Answer-The tendency to perceive oneself favourably.
Self-Handicapping - Answer-Protecting oneself image with behaviors that create a
handy excuse for later failure.
Self-Monitoring - Answer-Being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social
situations and adjusting one's performance to create the desired impression
Self-Presentation - Answer-The act of expressing oneself and behaving in ways
designed to create a favourable impression or an impression that corresponds to one's
ideal.
Attribution Theory - Answer-The theory of how people explain others' behavior; for
example, by attributing it either to internal dispositions (enduring traits, motives, and
attitudes) or to external situations.
Dispositional Attribution - Answer-Attributing behavior to the person's disposition and
traits.
Situational Attribution - Answer-Attributing behavior to the environment
Harold Kelley's Theory of Attributions - Answer-3 factors - consistency, distinctiveness,
and consensus - influence whether we attribution someone's behavior to internal or
external causes. (p.87)
Fundamental Attribution Error - Answer-The tendency for observes to underestimate
situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon others behavior
(also called correspondence bias because we see behavior as corresponding to a
disposition)
An actor-observer difference... - Answer-When we act, the ENVIRONMENT commands
our attention. When we watch another person act, that PERSON occupies the center of
our attention and the environment becomes relatively invisible.
, "Point of View" - Answer-When acting/behaving we view the situation and
environments, but when we witness someone else act/behave, we see the person as
the focus (not the situation).
The Camera Perspective Bias - Answer-The camera perspective influenced people's
guilt judgements based on who the camera focused on during the tape; suspect =
genuine confession/office = coerced confession.
Self-Awareness - Answer-A self-conscious state in which attention focuses on oneself.
It makes people more sensitive to their own attitudes and dispositions. (Ex: mirrors in
dressing rooms prevent theft).
Belief Perseverance - Answer-Persistence of one's initial conception, as when the basis
for one's beliefs is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true
survives.
False memory - Answer-We reconstruct our distant past by using out current feelings
and expectations to combine information fragments.
Misinformation Effect - Answer-Incorporating "misinformation" into one's memory of the
event, after witnessing an event and receiving misleading information about it.
Controlled Processing - Answer-"Explicit" thinking that is deliberate, reflective, and
conscious.
Automatic Processing - Answer-"Implicit" or intuitive thinking that is effortless, habitual,
and without awareness.
Overconfidence Phenomenon - Answer-The tendency to be more confident than correct
- to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs.
1)Incompetence feeds overconfidence
2)People tend to recall their mistaken judgements at times when they were almost right.
Confirmation Bias - Answer-A tendency to search for information that confirms one's
preconceptions.
Reducing Overconfidence - Answer-1) Prompt feedback
2) Get people to think of one good reason why their judgements might be wrong
Heuristics - Answer-A thinking strategy that enables quick, efficient judgments
Representativeness Heuristic - Answer-The tendency to presume, sometimes despite
contrary odds, that someone or something belongs to a particular group if resembling
(representing) a typical member.
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