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INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY (EXAM 1) REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY (EXAM 1) REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY(EXAM 1) REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Operational Definition - Answer-It is the description of a property in concrete,
measurable terms. For example, you can operationally define happiness as the amount
of times that someone smiles.
Dependent variable - Answer-A variable whose value depends on another variable
Independent variable - Answer-A variable who is manipulated for an experiment, but
does not depend on another
Reliability - Answer-It is the tendency for an instrument to produce the same
measurement whenever it is used to measure the same thing.
Power - Answer-An instrument's ability to detect change in the property.
Validity - Answer-The goodness with which a concrete event defines a property
Demand Characteristics - Answer-The aspects of an observational setting that caused
people to behave as they think they should
What is a correlation? - Answer-They are two variable that are said to be correlated
when variation of one variable is synchronized with the variation in the value of another.
However, correlation does not equate to causation.
What is the third variable problem (confounding variable)? - Answer-It is the chance that
two variable are only related because of each are causally related to a third one.
What is observer bias? - Answer-Observer bias is expectations can influence
observation and influence the perception of reality.
What is a double blind experiment? - Answer-In order to avoid observer bias, scientists
use a double blind to ensure that the observer and the person being observed are
unaware of the experiment.
Mean, Mode, Range? - Answer-Mean= Average of data set, Mode= most recurring
value, Range= highest value - lowest value
Experimental Group - Answer-The group who experience a stimulus
Control Group - Answer-The group who does not experience a stimulus
, Case study - Answer-A method of gathering scientific knowledge through studying an
individual.
Nuremberg Code of 1947 - Answer-The code made after Nazi doctors would perform
unethical experiments of people to protect individuals against unjust experimenting.
Informed consent - Answer-Participants may not take part in a psychological study
without a written agreement to participate in a study by an adult who has been informed
of all risks of participation.
No coercion - Answer-Each participant has the right to confirm or deny participation in a
study without being forced or threatened
Protection from Harm - Answer-Psychologists must take every possible precaution to
protect their research participants from any harm.
Risk-Benefit ratio - Answer-Participants may be asked to accept small forms of pain,
such as low wattage shocks. However, they must NOT even be asked to endure more
any pain. Psychologist should also demonstrate that social benefits can be made
through the knowledge gained from the study.
Deception - Answer-Psychologists may only use deception if it is justified by the study's
scientific, educational, and applied value and that alternative procedures can not be
used
Debriefing - Answer-A verbal description of a study describing its nature and purpose if
the participant is deceived
Confidentiality - Answer-Psychologists are obligated to keep private and personal
information obtained during a study confidential
Neurons - Answer-They are cells in the nervous system that communicate with one
another to perform information-processing tasks
Name each part of a neuron and how it processes information? - Answer-The dendrites
receive information and relays it to the cell body. A cell body coordinates the information
and keeps the cell alive. The axon carries this information to other neurons, muscles, or
glands. The myelin sheath is a fatty layer covering the axon to insulate it. It is composed
of glial cells which is used to support the nervous system. Lastly, the action potential
reaches the terminal button, or presynaptic gap to be released into it. This gap between
this axon and the dendrites of another is called the synapse.
Sensory Neurons - Answer-It receives information from the outside world and relays it to
the spinal cord and brain
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