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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY - FINAL EXAMQUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Self-system - Answer-The set of cognitive processes by which a person observes,
evaluates, and regulates their behaviour
Self-efficacy - Answer-A judgement of one's effectiveness in dealing with particular
situations
External locus of control - Answer-The perception that chance or external forces beyond
your personal control determine your fate
Internal locus of control - Answer-The perception that you control your own fate.
Learned helplessness - Answer-A sense of hopelessness in which a person thinks that
he is unable to prevent aversive events.
Attribution - Answer-The process by which we explain our own behaviour and that of
others
Self-serving bias - Answer-The tendency to make attributions so that one can perceive
oneself favourably
Traits - Answer-The relatively stable internally based characteristics that describe a
person
Personal inventory - Answer-An objective personality test that uses a series of
questions or statements for which the test taker must indicate whether they apply to
him/her or not.
Projective test - Answer-A personality test that uses a series of ambiguous stimuli to
which the test taker must respond about her perception of the stimuli
Personality Theories - Answer-Type Theories
Trait Theories
Type Theories - Answer-Distinct (no overlap) pattern of personality characteristics
- Sheldon Somatotypes
- Eysenck
- Type A vs. Type B
Sheldon Somatotypes - Answer-Type theory of personality
Based on body types
Endomorph - short, plump - sociable, relaxed, even tempered
,Ectomorph - tall, thin - restrained, self-conscious, fond of solitude
Mesomorph - heavy-set, muscular - noisy, callous, fond of physical activity
Endomorph - Answer-Sheldon somatotype
Short, plump
Sociable, relaxed, even-tempered
Ectomorph - Answer-Sheldon somatotype
Tall, thin
Restrained, self-conscious, fond of solitude
Mesomorph - Answer-Sheldon somatotype
Heavy-set, muscular
Noisy, callous, fond of physical activity
Eysenck - Answer-Type theory of personality
Introvert vs. extrovert
Type A vs. Type B - Answer-Type theory of personality
Aggressive when frustrated, impatient, controlling.
Trait Theories of Personality - Answer-Characteristic patterns of behaviour or conscious
motives.
Assumed that most traits exist in all people to a certain degree and that we can
measure the degree to which a trait exists in a person
Thousands of words to describe traits.
Beauty and the Beast - Answer-In-class example of trait
Belle - innocent, intellectual, happy, nice
Gaston - arrogant, jerk, narcissistic
Factors - Answer-Research has shown that various traits tend to cluster (or appear
together) in various dimensions (or factors)
5-Factor Model of Personality - Answer-Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism - tendency to experience negative effects
Neuroticism - Answer-5-Factor model of personality
Tendency to experience negative effects
Abnormal psychology - Answer-The scientific study of mental disorders and their
treatment.
, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) -
Answer-The current version of the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic and
classification guidelines for mental disorders.
Personality Disorder - Answer-A disorder characterized by inflexible, long-standing
personality traits that lead to behaviour that impairs social functioning and deviates from
cultural norms.
Biopsychosocial Approach - Answer-Explaining abnormality as the result of the
interaction among biological, psychological (behavioural and cognitive), and
sociocultural factors.
Anxiety Disorders - Answer-Disorders in which excessive anxiety leads to personal
distress and atypical, maladaptive, and irrational behaviour.
Specific Phobia - Answer-An anxiety disorder indicated by a marked and persistent fear
of specific objects or situations that is excessive and unreasonable.
Social Phobia - Answer-An anxiety disorder indicated by a marked and persistent fear of
one or more social performance situations in which there is exposure to unfamiliar
people or scrutiny by others.
Agoraphobia - Answer-An anxiety disorder indicated by a marked and persistent fear of
being in places or situations from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing.
Panic Disorder - Answer-An anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurrent
panic attacks.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder - Answer-An anxiety disorder in which a person has
excessive, global anxiety that he or she cannot control, for a period of at least 6 months.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - Answer-An anxiety disorder in which the person
experiences recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are perceived by the person as
excessive or unreasonable, but cause significant distress and disruption in the person's
daily life.
Obsession - Answer-A persistent, intrusive thought, idea, impulse, or image that causes
anxiety.
Compulsion - Answer-A repetitive and rigid behaviour that a person feels compelled to
perform in order to reduce anxiety.
Mood Disorders - Answer-Disorders that involve dramatic changes in a person's
emotional mood that are excessive and unwarranted.
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