HIST 102 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025 (ALREADY PASSED)
Soviets - Answers Councils of workers and soldiers in Russia. They discuss issues. Ultimately they sided
with the Bolsheviks.
"Peace, Land, Bread" - Answers Bolshevik slogan in 1917. It called for an immediate end to Russia's
participation to the war. Land for peasants, and bread for everyone
Alexander Kerensky - Answers (Leader of the provisional gov't) after the Czar's abdication. Part of the
Mensheviks.
The Russian Civil War, 1918-1921 - Answers The Bolsheviks won this civil war. They had an effective
secret police. They were better organized. The soviets are able to get control of the country creating the
Soviet Union under a dictatorship.
New Economic Policy (NEP) - Answers Vladimir Lenin's plan to allow a limited revival of capitalism
especially in industry and agriculture to repair the damage inflicted on the economy from the civil war.
Command Economy - Answers the central gov't directs all economic planning. Opposite of market
capitalism.
Collectivization - Answers the process by which Soviet peasants are forced to give up their private farms
and work as members of collectives that is controlled by the state because we have to guarantee that
the people in the city can get food
Great Purges - Answers refers to the imprisonment of several peasants by Joseph Stalin. They're accused
of things such as spying for the Germans, etc.
Works Progress Administration (WPA) - Answers Program created by FDR in 1935 and it provided
millions of jobs in the construction business.
The Enabling Act, 1933 - Answers the legislative act that gave Hitler the right to rule by decree, given his
power after a fire at the Reichstag. After that Hitler has no legal limits to his authority.
Nuremberg Laws, 1935 - Answers marriage and intercourse are not allowed between Germans and
Jews.
Indian National Congress, 1885 - Answers A forum for well-educated Indians to discuss political issues. It
abdicated greater opportunities for Indians within the British Gov't in India. In the 1930s it began to
outright push for independence completely from Britain
Swaraj - Answers self-rule or home-rule
Salt March, 1930 - Answers A non-violent protest against the British monopoly over salt in colonial India
Long March - Answers The flight of Chinese Communists into rural Northwest China. During the march,
Mao mobilized the peasantry. Persuasive and enacted the idea of land reform. Able to defeat some of
, the warlords, carried out popular measures, created a red army (communist army), practicing guerilla
warfare. Eventually by the late 30s he created a conventional army.
Mao Zedong - Answers leader of the Chinese communist party in 1920. Want to unify the country under
the Communist gov't. Were forced to flee into the country side in 1934 because the nationalist leader
wanted to hunt down and kill all of the communists. They were nearly destroyed
Manchurian Incident - Answers A Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. Justified it by saying that
Chinese people had blown up Japanese trains
Rape of Nanjing, 1937 - Answers refers to a six-week period after the Chinese captured the city of
Nanking. Thousands of women were raped, hundreds of thousands of people are killed.
East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere - Answers a concept promoted by the empire of Japan in the 193os as
an attempt to create a self-sufficient block of Asia free of Western rule dominated by Japan.
Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 - Answers It was a bloody conflict between the Left wing and the Right
wing. Ultimately, the conservatives won the war. They were assisted by the Fascists and the Nazis. The
French and British and US did nothing.
Italian Invasion of Ethiopia, 1935 - Answers Mussolini successfully conquered Ethiopia. The French and
the British could have easily stopped Mussolini, but didn't want to antagonize Mussolini due to the
recessitation of the first war.
Lebensraum - Answers the need for 'living space' for the German nation to expand. The plan to colonize
and exploit Eastern Europe
Appeasement - Answers The Anglo-French policy of making concessions to Germany to prevent bringing
about war.
Blitzkrieg - Answers 'Lightning War' The German tactic of using fast moving tank columns supported by
air power (war planes) to utterly overwhelm the enemy
Operation Barbarossa, 1941 - Answers the largest land invasion in human history that began on June 22,
1941. 4.5 million Axis troops invaded the Soviet Union. It was a great success until the winter.
The Battle of Midway, 1942 - Answers The US decisive naval victory over the Japanese Empire in June
1942. The US navy sunk four Japanese air carriers. The Japanese could no longer operate offensively.
The Battle of Stalingrad, 1942-3 - Answers Was where the Red Army surrounded and defeated the
German 6th army. Stalingrad is the decisive turning point begins to push the Germans out of the Soviet
Union back to Berlin. There are 1 million fatalities and casualties.
Two-front Controversy - Answers Stalin wanting his allies to open a second European front, preferably in
France, in 1942, to take Axis pressure off of the Red Army. Instead, the British and US start opening up
and invading through North Africa.
Soviets - Answers Councils of workers and soldiers in Russia. They discuss issues. Ultimately they sided
with the Bolsheviks.
"Peace, Land, Bread" - Answers Bolshevik slogan in 1917. It called for an immediate end to Russia's
participation to the war. Land for peasants, and bread for everyone
Alexander Kerensky - Answers (Leader of the provisional gov't) after the Czar's abdication. Part of the
Mensheviks.
The Russian Civil War, 1918-1921 - Answers The Bolsheviks won this civil war. They had an effective
secret police. They were better organized. The soviets are able to get control of the country creating the
Soviet Union under a dictatorship.
New Economic Policy (NEP) - Answers Vladimir Lenin's plan to allow a limited revival of capitalism
especially in industry and agriculture to repair the damage inflicted on the economy from the civil war.
Command Economy - Answers the central gov't directs all economic planning. Opposite of market
capitalism.
Collectivization - Answers the process by which Soviet peasants are forced to give up their private farms
and work as members of collectives that is controlled by the state because we have to guarantee that
the people in the city can get food
Great Purges - Answers refers to the imprisonment of several peasants by Joseph Stalin. They're accused
of things such as spying for the Germans, etc.
Works Progress Administration (WPA) - Answers Program created by FDR in 1935 and it provided
millions of jobs in the construction business.
The Enabling Act, 1933 - Answers the legislative act that gave Hitler the right to rule by decree, given his
power after a fire at the Reichstag. After that Hitler has no legal limits to his authority.
Nuremberg Laws, 1935 - Answers marriage and intercourse are not allowed between Germans and
Jews.
Indian National Congress, 1885 - Answers A forum for well-educated Indians to discuss political issues. It
abdicated greater opportunities for Indians within the British Gov't in India. In the 1930s it began to
outright push for independence completely from Britain
Swaraj - Answers self-rule or home-rule
Salt March, 1930 - Answers A non-violent protest against the British monopoly over salt in colonial India
Long March - Answers The flight of Chinese Communists into rural Northwest China. During the march,
Mao mobilized the peasantry. Persuasive and enacted the idea of land reform. Able to defeat some of
, the warlords, carried out popular measures, created a red army (communist army), practicing guerilla
warfare. Eventually by the late 30s he created a conventional army.
Mao Zedong - Answers leader of the Chinese communist party in 1920. Want to unify the country under
the Communist gov't. Were forced to flee into the country side in 1934 because the nationalist leader
wanted to hunt down and kill all of the communists. They were nearly destroyed
Manchurian Incident - Answers A Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. Justified it by saying that
Chinese people had blown up Japanese trains
Rape of Nanjing, 1937 - Answers refers to a six-week period after the Chinese captured the city of
Nanking. Thousands of women were raped, hundreds of thousands of people are killed.
East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere - Answers a concept promoted by the empire of Japan in the 193os as
an attempt to create a self-sufficient block of Asia free of Western rule dominated by Japan.
Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 - Answers It was a bloody conflict between the Left wing and the Right
wing. Ultimately, the conservatives won the war. They were assisted by the Fascists and the Nazis. The
French and British and US did nothing.
Italian Invasion of Ethiopia, 1935 - Answers Mussolini successfully conquered Ethiopia. The French and
the British could have easily stopped Mussolini, but didn't want to antagonize Mussolini due to the
recessitation of the first war.
Lebensraum - Answers the need for 'living space' for the German nation to expand. The plan to colonize
and exploit Eastern Europe
Appeasement - Answers The Anglo-French policy of making concessions to Germany to prevent bringing
about war.
Blitzkrieg - Answers 'Lightning War' The German tactic of using fast moving tank columns supported by
air power (war planes) to utterly overwhelm the enemy
Operation Barbarossa, 1941 - Answers the largest land invasion in human history that began on June 22,
1941. 4.5 million Axis troops invaded the Soviet Union. It was a great success until the winter.
The Battle of Midway, 1942 - Answers The US decisive naval victory over the Japanese Empire in June
1942. The US navy sunk four Japanese air carriers. The Japanese could no longer operate offensively.
The Battle of Stalingrad, 1942-3 - Answers Was where the Red Army surrounded and defeated the
German 6th army. Stalingrad is the decisive turning point begins to push the Germans out of the Soviet
Union back to Berlin. There are 1 million fatalities and casualties.
Two-front Controversy - Answers Stalin wanting his allies to open a second European front, preferably in
France, in 1942, to take Axis pressure off of the Red Army. Instead, the British and US start opening up
and invading through North Africa.
