Rasmussen College NUR2474 Pharmacology Final Exam
2024/2025
Enternal - referring to a route of medication administration that uses the gastrointestinal tract, such as
swallowing a pill
Parenteral - outside of intestines or alimentary canal; popularly used to refer to injection routes
Topical -...
Rasmussen College NUR2474 Pharmacology Final Exam
2024/2025
Enternal - referring to a route of medication administration that uses the gastrointestinal tract, such as
swallowing a pill
Parenteral - outside of intestines or alimentary canal; popularly used to refer to injection routes
Topical - applied to the surface of the skin and seems into the epidermis
trasndermal - Crossing through the skin down into the bloodstream
Pharmacokinetics - the study of drug movement throughout the body Phases are: Absorption,
Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination.
Absorption - The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into
the blood
half-life - The amount of time for half of the drug to be metabolized away.
Distribution - It is the transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body. Once a drug
enters into systemic circulation by absorption or direct administration, it must be distributed into
interstitial and intracellular fluids.
Metabolism - Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through
specialized enzymatic systems.
Excretion - Process by which metabolic wastes (drugs and drug waste products, too) are eliminated from
the body
onset - The time elapsed from the administration of the drug to the start of its effects. The amount of
time it takes between the drug being administered and the drug having a beginning therapeutic effect.
, peak level - The maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration can be measured in a
blood sample or calculated for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Duration of action - The length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to
elicit a response. The length of time a drug will be at or above the therapeutic level.
trough level - The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level,
usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring. Please note: "Draw a trough right
before the next dose."
First Pass Effect - The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
Pharmacodynamics - Pharmacodynamics
How the drug affects the body. Can be therapeutic and/or non-therapeutic. Can be Biochemical or
Symptomatic.
agonist drug - A drug that binds to a receptor and triggers a response in the cell, which often mimics or
enhances a neurotransmitter, hormone, or other intrinsic body chemical's effect.
antagonist drug - A substance that blocks normal neurotransmitter functioning. Some antagonists can
block other chemicals in the body, too: hormones, etc....
drug selectivity - a drug is selective if it affects only one type of cell or tissue and produces a specific
physiologic response
When is drug reconciliation completed? - When a patient changes level of care or facility
Components of a prescription - Name of patient, Date, Medication name, Strength of drug, dose, form,
frequency, refills, route, signature of provider
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