NU 636
Advanced Pharmacology
Midterms (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of
beta-blockers in the treatment of hypertension?
a) Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme
b) Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors
c) Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors
d) Inhibition of calcium channels
- Correct ANS: b) Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce blood pressure by blocking
beta-adrenergic receptors, which decreases heart rate and cardiac
output.
2. Which of the following is a common side effect of
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypokalemia
c) Hypernatremia
d) Hyponatremia
- Correct ANS: a) Hyperkalemia
- Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by
reducing aldosterone secretion, which leads to potassium
retention.
3. Which of the following medications is commonly used as a
first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
a) Insulin
b) Metformin
c) Glipizide
d) Pioglitazone
- Correct ANS: b) Metformin
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Metformin is the first-line treatment for type 2
diabetes due to its efficacy in lowering blood glucose levels and
its favorable safety profile.
4. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of
statins in the management of hyperlipidemia?
a) Inhibition of cholesterol absorption
b) Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
c) Stimulation of lipoprotein lipase
d) Inhibition of bile acid reabsorption
- Correct ANS: b) Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
- Rationale: Statins lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting
HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in cholesterol
synthesis.
5. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of
corticosteroid therapy?
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Osteoporosis
c) Hyperkalemia
d) Bradycardia
- Correct ANS: b) Osteoporosis
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Long-term corticosteroid therapy can lead to
osteoporosis due to its effects on bone metabolism.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The primary mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors
(PPIs) is the inhibition of ___________ in the stomach.
- Correct ANS: proton pumps
- Rationale: PPIs inhibit proton pumps in the stomach,
reducing gastric acid production.
7. The therapeutic effect of warfarin is monitored using the
___________ test.
- Correct ANS: INR (International Normalized Ratio)
- Rationale: The INR test is used to monitor the anticoagulant
effect of warfarin and ensure therapeutic levels.
8. The primary indication for the use of albuterol is the treatment
of ___________.
- Correct ANS: asthma
- Rationale: Albuterol is a bronchodilator used to relieve
bronchospasm in patients with asthma.
©2024/2025
Advanced Pharmacology
Midterms (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of
beta-blockers in the treatment of hypertension?
a) Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme
b) Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors
c) Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors
d) Inhibition of calcium channels
- Correct ANS: b) Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce blood pressure by blocking
beta-adrenergic receptors, which decreases heart rate and cardiac
output.
2. Which of the following is a common side effect of
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypokalemia
c) Hypernatremia
d) Hyponatremia
- Correct ANS: a) Hyperkalemia
- Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by
reducing aldosterone secretion, which leads to potassium
retention.
3. Which of the following medications is commonly used as a
first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
a) Insulin
b) Metformin
c) Glipizide
d) Pioglitazone
- Correct ANS: b) Metformin
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Metformin is the first-line treatment for type 2
diabetes due to its efficacy in lowering blood glucose levels and
its favorable safety profile.
4. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of
statins in the management of hyperlipidemia?
a) Inhibition of cholesterol absorption
b) Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
c) Stimulation of lipoprotein lipase
d) Inhibition of bile acid reabsorption
- Correct ANS: b) Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
- Rationale: Statins lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting
HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in cholesterol
synthesis.
5. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of
corticosteroid therapy?
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Osteoporosis
c) Hyperkalemia
d) Bradycardia
- Correct ANS: b) Osteoporosis
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Long-term corticosteroid therapy can lead to
osteoporosis due to its effects on bone metabolism.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The primary mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors
(PPIs) is the inhibition of ___________ in the stomach.
- Correct ANS: proton pumps
- Rationale: PPIs inhibit proton pumps in the stomach,
reducing gastric acid production.
7. The therapeutic effect of warfarin is monitored using the
___________ test.
- Correct ANS: INR (International Normalized Ratio)
- Rationale: The INR test is used to monitor the anticoagulant
effect of warfarin and ensure therapeutic levels.
8. The primary indication for the use of albuterol is the treatment
of ___________.
- Correct ANS: asthma
- Rationale: Albuterol is a bronchodilator used to relieve
bronchospasm in patients with asthma.
©2024/2025
