AP Computer Science Principles Exam
Prep Correct 100%
Innovation - ANSWER a novel or improved idea, device, product, etc. or the
development thereof
Prototype - ANSWER A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. It's
the original drawing from which something real might be built or created.
Bit - ANSWER A contraction of "Binary Digits". A bit is the single unit of information in a
computer, typically represented as 0 or 1.
Binary - ANSWER A way of representing information using only two options.
Bandwidth - ANSWER maximum transmission capacity of the device expressed
typically in metric multiples of bits per second
Bit Rate - ANSWER The numbers of Bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of
time. EX: 8bits/per second.
Latency - ANSWER the amount of time it takes for a bit to travel from sender to receiver
Protocol - ANSWER A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data
between devices.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - ANSWER The
universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand.
Code - ANSWER To write instructions for a computer.
Requests for Comments (RFC) - ANSWER Documents are how standards and
protocols are defined and published for all to see on the IETF website.
Internet - ANSWER a tangible physical system that is made to move information
IP Address - ANSWER A number assigned to any item that is connected to the internet.
Packets - ANSWER small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from
larger chunks of information for the purpose of transmitting through a network
Router - ANSWER A computer which receives messages travelling across a network
and redirects them towards their intended destinations based on the addressing
information included with the messages.
,Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - ANSWER Provides reliable, ordered, and error-
checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and
is usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.
Domain named system (DNS) - ANSWER The internet's system for converting
alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - ANSWER Is the protocol used by the world wide
web. It describes how messages are formatted and interchanged, and how web servers
respond to commands.
Abstractions - ANSWER Reducing information and detail to focus on essential
characteristics.
Server - ANSWER A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data.
Client - ANSWER A computer that requests data stored on a computer.
HTTPS - ANSWER a protocol for secure communication over a computer network
which is widely used on the Internet.
Digital Certificate - ANSWER an electronic document used to prove ownership of a
public key.
DDoS - ANSWER pertaining to or being an incident in which a network of computers
floods an online resource with high levels of unwanted traffic so that it is inaccessible to
legitimate service requests
HTTP Request - ANSWER When you type a URL in your browser, your computer (the
client) needs to "ask" the server that is storing the data and images for the web page to
return its contents so your browser can display it.
HTTP Response - ANSWER When a server receives an HTTP request it will respond
with a message of its own. Once again, the response will be sent entirely in ASCII-text
and must be correctly formatted.
Electricity, light and radio waves - ANSWER 3 ways we send information
Fiber optic cable - ANSWER a thread of glass engineered to reflect light
URL - ANSWER an easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like
www.code.org)
Net Neutrality - ANSWER the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally
by Internet Service Providers
, Byte - ANSWER 8 bits
Nibble - ANSWER 4 bits
Heuristic - ANSWER a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory
solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible
Lossless - ANSWER a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be
perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data
Image - ANSWER A type of data used for graphics or pictures
Metadata - ANSWER data that describes other data. For example, a digital image my
include metadata that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution
Pixel - ANSWER short for "picture element" it is the fundamental unit of a digital image,
typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image
RGB - ANSWER color model using varying intensities of red, green, and blue to
produce colors
Lossy - ANSWER data compression method that uses inexact approximations,
discarding some data to represent the content
Abstraction - ANSWER pulling out specific differences to make one solution work for
multiple problems
Aggregation - ANSWER a computation in which rows from a data set are grouped
together and used to compute a single value of more significant meaning or
measurement. i.e. Average, Count, Sum
Pivot Table - ANSWER in most spreadsheet software it is the name of the tool used to
create summary tables
Adware - ANSWER A form of spyware. Collects information about the user or user
activities in order to display advertisements in a web browser.
Algorithm - ANSWER A set of instructions for solving a problem.
Application - ANSWER Refers to a complete and self-contained program that helps the
user accomplish a specific task.
Artificial Intelligence - ANSWER A branch of computer science with the focus on how to
endow computers with capabilities of human intelligence. Can be seen as an attempt to
model aspects of human thought on computers
Prep Correct 100%
Innovation - ANSWER a novel or improved idea, device, product, etc. or the
development thereof
Prototype - ANSWER A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. It's
the original drawing from which something real might be built or created.
Bit - ANSWER A contraction of "Binary Digits". A bit is the single unit of information in a
computer, typically represented as 0 or 1.
Binary - ANSWER A way of representing information using only two options.
Bandwidth - ANSWER maximum transmission capacity of the device expressed
typically in metric multiples of bits per second
Bit Rate - ANSWER The numbers of Bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of
time. EX: 8bits/per second.
Latency - ANSWER the amount of time it takes for a bit to travel from sender to receiver
Protocol - ANSWER A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data
between devices.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - ANSWER The
universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand.
Code - ANSWER To write instructions for a computer.
Requests for Comments (RFC) - ANSWER Documents are how standards and
protocols are defined and published for all to see on the IETF website.
Internet - ANSWER a tangible physical system that is made to move information
IP Address - ANSWER A number assigned to any item that is connected to the internet.
Packets - ANSWER small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from
larger chunks of information for the purpose of transmitting through a network
Router - ANSWER A computer which receives messages travelling across a network
and redirects them towards their intended destinations based on the addressing
information included with the messages.
,Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - ANSWER Provides reliable, ordered, and error-
checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and
is usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.
Domain named system (DNS) - ANSWER The internet's system for converting
alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - ANSWER Is the protocol used by the world wide
web. It describes how messages are formatted and interchanged, and how web servers
respond to commands.
Abstractions - ANSWER Reducing information and detail to focus on essential
characteristics.
Server - ANSWER A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data.
Client - ANSWER A computer that requests data stored on a computer.
HTTPS - ANSWER a protocol for secure communication over a computer network
which is widely used on the Internet.
Digital Certificate - ANSWER an electronic document used to prove ownership of a
public key.
DDoS - ANSWER pertaining to or being an incident in which a network of computers
floods an online resource with high levels of unwanted traffic so that it is inaccessible to
legitimate service requests
HTTP Request - ANSWER When you type a URL in your browser, your computer (the
client) needs to "ask" the server that is storing the data and images for the web page to
return its contents so your browser can display it.
HTTP Response - ANSWER When a server receives an HTTP request it will respond
with a message of its own. Once again, the response will be sent entirely in ASCII-text
and must be correctly formatted.
Electricity, light and radio waves - ANSWER 3 ways we send information
Fiber optic cable - ANSWER a thread of glass engineered to reflect light
URL - ANSWER an easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like
www.code.org)
Net Neutrality - ANSWER the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally
by Internet Service Providers
, Byte - ANSWER 8 bits
Nibble - ANSWER 4 bits
Heuristic - ANSWER a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory
solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible
Lossless - ANSWER a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be
perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data
Image - ANSWER A type of data used for graphics or pictures
Metadata - ANSWER data that describes other data. For example, a digital image my
include metadata that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution
Pixel - ANSWER short for "picture element" it is the fundamental unit of a digital image,
typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image
RGB - ANSWER color model using varying intensities of red, green, and blue to
produce colors
Lossy - ANSWER data compression method that uses inexact approximations,
discarding some data to represent the content
Abstraction - ANSWER pulling out specific differences to make one solution work for
multiple problems
Aggregation - ANSWER a computation in which rows from a data set are grouped
together and used to compute a single value of more significant meaning or
measurement. i.e. Average, Count, Sum
Pivot Table - ANSWER in most spreadsheet software it is the name of the tool used to
create summary tables
Adware - ANSWER A form of spyware. Collects information about the user or user
activities in order to display advertisements in a web browser.
Algorithm - ANSWER A set of instructions for solving a problem.
Application - ANSWER Refers to a complete and self-contained program that helps the
user accomplish a specific task.
Artificial Intelligence - ANSWER A branch of computer science with the focus on how to
endow computers with capabilities of human intelligence. Can be seen as an attempt to
model aspects of human thought on computers
