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American History Notes
- Course
- HIST 2026
- Institution
- University Of North Texas
HIST 2620: United States History Since 1865
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Cold War at HomeNov 4
A. Second Red Scare
★ Second Red Scare (1940’s and 1950’s)
○ With communism on the rise in asia and europe
★ House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
○ Investigate communism at home in the states
○ It can force you to testify before congress about potential communist
influence
○ Went from a small committee to a huge deal
★ Truman’s Loyalty Program
○ Everyone who works for the United States government from the president
to the post office man is going to be forced to have their loyalties
examined and if you're someone who might me a communist you would
be fired and could be put in jail
○ Did not find very many communist and some people were mainly wrongly
accused
★ Hollywood Ten
○ The main group HUAC investigated were in hollywood and mainly
screenwriters
○ People in hollywood protested because they felt that they were censoring
hollywood and huac rounded them up and put on trail and put to jail
○ The people that went to trail and weren't convicted, were blackballed and
careers were ruined
★ Alger Hiss
○ We had no actual proof he was a soviet spy at the time when his was
questioned by huac
○ When we later got records from the soviets there was an overwhelming
amount of proof that he was a spy
★ Joseph McCarthy
○ He was just a drunk senator from wisconsin
○ He is going to stand up at a meeting and says he has a piece of paper
that says there are 205 communist in the state department
○ The state department literally deals with forgein affairs but no one took
notice
○ He creates hysteria and says there are more communist out and about
and to watch your neighbors, family members and report them
★ Return of Republicans
○ Said they would catch them communists because they were desperate for
political representation
○ Dwight D. Eisenhower and his running mate Richard Nixon who
backed up mccarthy and what they were doing was good
,B. McCarthyism
★ Lavender Scare
○ 2 gay men testified against congress beucase they thought they were
moral preverse and hid too much
○ Suggest that gay people and so morally curupt that they will fall to
communism first
○ Had the governemtn and everyone else looking for gay people so that
they could report them
★ Executive Order 10450
○ Did not allow gay people to work in government
○ No secraties, post office and military participation
○ Ruins millions of peoples lives
★ Julius and Ethel Rosenburg
○ Ethel was just a normal homemaker
○ Ethel's brother did not like Julius and reported him so he went to trial and
ethel got put in jail as well because they thought she must have known
○ Later we find out that Julius was a spy but still not enough evidence
○ They were put on trial and murdered leaving behind their sons
○ This shit is fucking crazy bro
★ McCarthy goes too far
○ Accused the united states army of communism lmao
○ Suggested that bc folks that serve in the united look after each other and
were a little too close to each other they were communist
○ Eisenhower who was president and knew what it was like to be in combat
called bullshit on what mccarthy was sayin
★ Televised Army Hearings
○ Eisenhower was like they not gonna listen to me so he suggested that
you put mccarthys drunk ass on tv he would fail which was true
○ Joseph Welch kept hounding mccarthy asking him about the list of all the
communist he has but he never answered them
C. Continuing Fear
★ “Duck and Cover”
○ School children were taught drills in order to calm down the fear
○ Even after the red scare they did these drills all the way to the 1970’s
★ Massive Retaliation
★ Mutual Assured Destruction
○ If you nuke me i nuke you back bitch
★ Brinkmanship
○ You keep egging people on but you never do anything
○ You keep threatening to nuke tf out of you but no one is going to drop a
nuke
★ Hydrogen Bomb (H bomb)
○ 500 times more powerful than a nuke
★ Military spending
, ○ Releases that they way they are going to be fighting is through
technology
★ Interstate highway system
○ If the soviets nuke a major city with the interstate highways military can
get to them early
★ National Defense Education Act
○ People gotta leave
○ All americans have to take a us history course in college bc this bitch
made it
__________________________________________________________________________
Life as the Cold War Heats Up
Nov 6
A. Continuing Fear cont.
★ Space race
○ The Soviets beat us by launching Sputnik into space
○ Double down on efforts to enter the space race
B. Booming America
★ Demobilization
○ 12 million americans are going to come back from overseas and tries to
reintegrate back into society/workforce
○ War industries switched back to civilian industries
○ Worried that another depression was going to occur
★ Women in the workforce
○ Pressure from the US government to push women out of the workforce
and encouraged them to go back home
○ Some women were ready to go back to play the homemaker, some were
pissed and refused and some became teachers
★ Housing shortage
○ For the last 2-3 decades we have not been building houses due to the
depression
○ When everyone came back there were not a lot of housing available for
them
★ Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill)
○ Created by fdr in 1942-1943
○ Direct aid to our returning veterans
■ Education: if they want the gi bill will pay them to go to college,
realized that with education they could enter so many more work
forces
● If he is out here going to college it's going to take you 6
years to graduate and enter the war force so we are able
to build the economy again
■ Housing: for veterans who don't want to go to school they can opt
out to get a loan to buy a house
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