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NEUROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS ; GUARANTEED TO PASS 100%
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NEUROBIOLOGY: PRACTICE EXAM I PREPQUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
nerve cells are ____ conductors of electricity - poor
a myelinated neuron has ____ membrane resistance and ____ longitudinal resistance - high
low
Which is not a kind of potential exhibited by neurons?
a. reaction
b. action
c. synaptic
d. resting
e. post synaptic - reaction
electrical signals occurring in nerve cells are cause by ____the cell membrane - fluxes of ions across
Which of the following is not required for neurons to communicate? - separation of larges amounts of
electrical charge, with excess positive charge stored inside the cell
The transmembrane potential is generated by - diffusion of ions down a concentration gradient
T/F
Action potentials are elicited by hyperpolarization. - FALSE
8. Which of the following statements about electrochemical equilibrium is FALSE?
A. Electrochemical equilibrium involves the movement of a relatively small number of ions.
B. Ionic gradients are necessary for the generation of the membrane potential.
C. The size of the potential is proportional to the size of the ion gradient.
D. The direction of the ion gradient determines the polarity of the membrane potential.
E. For a given concentration gradient, the resulting potential is independent of the number of charges on
the ion. - E. For a given concentration gradient, the resulting potential is independent of the number of
charges on the ion.
Calculate the equilibrium potential for Cl- given an intracellular concentration of 40 mM and an
extracellular contration of 560 mM, as is typical for a squid neuron. - C. -0.066 mV
action potentials are generated when - the cell reaches threshold
, Why was the voltage clamp critical to the ionic basis of the action potential? - because sodium and
potassium currents are both time and voltage dependent, voltage clamping makes it possible to
determine how each one contributes to the action potential
14. Which of the following does NOT stem from the application of Ohm's law to ionic conductances?
A. The driving force on the ionic current is the difference between the membrane potential and the ion's
Nernst potential.
B. The conductance for an ion is inversely proportional to the resistance of the membrane to the
passage of that ion.
C. All permeant ions experience an identical driving force at each time point during the course of an
action potential.
D. The conductance for each ion can be calculated based on the measured ionic currents and the
calculated driving force.
E. The calculations stemming from Ohm's law can be used to derive a mathematical description of the
action potential. - C. All permeant ions experience an identical driving force at each time point during
the course of an action potential.
15. Voltage clamp data, in which investigators analyzed membrane conductances during action
potentials in squid axons, showed all of the following EXCEPT
A. the sodium current was rapidly activated by depolarization.
B. the potassium current activates on a comparatively slow time scale of a few ms.
C. at certain potentials, there can be zero current even with a large conductance.
D. depolarization leads to a time-dependent inactivation of the sodium current.
E. depolarization leads to a time-dependent inactivation of the potassium current. - E. depolarization
leads to a time-dependent inactivation of the potassium current.
when a current is injected into an axon the current will - decay exponentially with distance from the
injection site
which of the following did not lead to the identification of sodium as the early current in the action
potential - when the late current was blocked, the reversal potential of the inward current shifted to a
negative membrane potential
What is important for the unidirectional propagation of the action potential - the presence of refractor
period where an action potential had just fired
the proteins that establish ionic gradients are called - passive transporters
How do potassium channels in the giant squid axon differ from sodium channels? - once potassium
channels open in response to a voltage step command they tend to remain open
individual ion channels may pass ____ of _____ per millisecond - thousands of ions
22. Which of the following statements regarding the diversity of ion channels is FALSE?
A. With only six different types, potassium channels are the least diverse channel type.
B. There are at least 10 different sodium channels in humans.
C. Sodium channels that do not inactivate have been found.
D. There are least 16 different types of calcium channels.
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