This section is the practice questions for STATISTICS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL that can help you think critically and augment your review for the STATISTICS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL exams.
PSY6003 STATISTICS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL
SCIENCES EXAM QUESTIONS
Independent Variable (IV) - the variable that a researcher actively manipulates, and if the hypothesis is
correct, will cause a change in the dependent variable.
Dependent Variable (DV) - The measured outcome of a study; the responses of the subjects in a study.
Nominal Scale of Measurement - (Categorical or qualitative): names, order does not matter/no order,
cannot do math with them
(Ex: Dogs, cats, birds, fish // political party // religious affiliation)
Ordinal Scale of Measurement - Has a meaningful order, intervals between adjacent values are not
necessarily equal
(Ex: class rankings // small, medium, large)
Interval Scale of Measurement - Specific order, equal intervals
(Ex: degrees F or C, as 0 degrees does not mean the absence of heat)
Ratio Scale of Measurement - Specific order, equal intervals, has an absolute zero point, we can look at
ratios being equal
Parameter - A number calculated from a population "population parameter"
(whereas population = entire group studied)
Statistic - A number calculated from a sample "sample statistic"
(whereas sample = subgroup of a population)
Continuous Variable - No gaps between adjacent values, infinite values
(Ex: time // weight // height)
Discrete Variable - Gaps between adjacent values, finite values
(Ex: number of children (can't have 2.3 children) // pages in a book)
, Frequency Distributions & Charts - f = frequency
- shows how often each score occurs, allows us to see
patterns easily
cf = cumulative frequency
- sums the frequencies at and below a particular value
- can determine the number of scores at or below your
score
rf = relative frequency
-f/N
crf = cumulative relative frequency
- cf / N
cpf = cumulative percentage frequency
- takes crf and turns it into a percentage
- entries in cpf are Percentile Ranks
- Def: percentage of the group that is at
or below a given score
Bar Graph - - height of bar indicates frequency of occurrence
- bars DONT touch
- if bars touch it implies continuity, bars don't =
discrete variable
- nominal data, sometimes ordinal
Frequency Polygon - Graph of a frequency distribution that shows the number of instances of obtained
scores, usually with the data points connect by straight lines
(takes points above each value in histogram and connects them)
Cumulative Frequency Polygon - - takes cumulative frequencies and plots them
- points on x-axis are 0.5 above the original value
Cumulative Percentage Polygon - - cumulative frequencies, divide by N and turn into %
- points on x-axis are upper real limits (0.5 above the original value)
Stem and Leaf Plot - A method of graphing a collection of numbers by placing the "stem" digits (or initial
digits) in one column and the "leaf" digits (or remaining digits) out to the right.
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