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ANT2100 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass
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ANT2100 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass Artifacts - Human made objects retrieved from sites that are the primary source of information for archaeologists. BC - Before Christ, ex 3200BC (letters follow the date) - latest BC date is 0BC AD - Anno Domini - indicates a year that falls wit...

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ANT2100 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass

Artifacts - ✔✔Human made objects retrieved from sites that are the primary source of information for

archaeologists.


BC - ✔✔Before Christ, ex 3200BC (letters follow the date)


- latest BC date is 0BC


AD - ✔✔Anno Domini


- indicates a year that falls within the Christian era (after the birth of Christ)


- AD goes before the numerical age, ex: AD1066


- Earliest AD date is AD 1


CE - ✔✔- Common Era


- basically same thing as AD but is intended to avoid religious connotations


BCE - ✔✔- before Common Era


- basically same thing as BC, but it avoids the religious connotation


BP - ✔✔- Before Present


- most archaeologists prefer to use an age estimate


- AD 1950 is arbitrarily selected as zero point




EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1

,- AD 1950- AD 1066 = 884 BP


Classical archaeology - ✔✔The branch of archaeology that studies "classical" civilizations of the

Mediterranean, such as Greece and Rome and the Near East


Antiquarian - ✔✔- studied antiques (ancient objects) largely for the sake of the objects themselves, not to

understand the people or culture that produced them


Middens - ✔✔- refuse deposit resulting from human activities, generally consisting of sediment; food

remains such as charred seeds, animal bone, and shell; and discarded artifacts


- trash heaps people created


Potsherds - ✔✔- fragment of pottery


Stratigraphy/strata - ✔✔- a site's physical structure produced by the deposition of geological and/or

cultural sediments into layers, or strata, to reveal age and original inhabitants


- established by Gertrude Caton-Thompson


Culture History - ✔✔- the kind of archaeology practiced mainly in the early to mid-twentieth century; it

"explains" differences or changes over time in artifact frequencies by posting the diffusion of ideas

between neighboring cultures or the migration of a people who had different mental templates for artifact

styles


New Archaeology - ✔✔An approach to archaeology that arose in the 1960s emphasizing the

understanding of underlying cultural processes and the use of the scientific method; today's version of

the "new archaeology" is sometimes called processual archaeology.


Why was Charles Lyell's 1865 book The Geologic Evidences for the Antiquity of Man important? - ✔✔it

connected time and geology




EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2

, - uniformitarianism: idea that same geological processes that go on today have always occurred (shifting

of plates, sedimentary layers)


What is "Deep Time"? - ✔✔- the recognition that life was far more ancient than biblical scholars

recognized and that human culture had evolved over time


- Crude stone tools discovered in England and continental Europe, along with bones of long extinct

mammals "prove the existence of very ancient man" (Jacques Boucher Crevecoeur de Perthes)


Nabonidus - ✔✔- Most historians list him, the last king of the neo-Babylonian Empire as the "first

archaeologist"


- he rebuilt temples of ancient Babylon and searched the foundations for inscriptions of earlier kings


- "he looked to the physical residues of antiquity - things - to answer questions about the past."


Francesco Petrarch - ✔✔- During the Renaissance he proposed that the remote past was an ideal of

perfection and he looked to antiquity for moral philosophy


- the "father of humanism"


- he and his contemporaries began to collect ancient texts and to make systematic observations on

archaeological monuments


Boucher de Perthes - ✔✔- Challenged the understanding that the age of the earth was no more than about

6000 years


- found ancient axe heads in the gravel of the Somme river and the bones of long-extinct mammals and

realized that there was a very ancient man


James Ussher - ✔✔- Irish prelate who deduced from the Bible that Creation occurred in the year 4004 BC

(1581-1656)




EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3

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