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Sumario Tema 3 - Corriente continua
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1. Corriente eléctrica 2. Cálculo de resistencia y capacidad equivalente 3. Aplicación de las leyes de Kirchoff 4. Cálculo de la potencia en un circuito
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FÍSICA 2 TEMA 3TEMA 3
CORRIENTE CONTINUA
3.1 – CORRIENTE ELÉCTRICA
Una corriente eléctrica es un movimiento ordenado de cargas a través de un medio cuando este es
sometido mediante un generador a la acción de un campo eléctrico externo.
Intensidad (I) = C/s ⟶ Se mide en amperios (A).
! / "# %
Conductividad (σ) = = & · " ⟶ Se mide en siemens (S).
$/"
Resistividad (ρ) = 1/σ = Ω · m ⟶ Se mide en ohmio por metro (Ω · m).
%
Resistencia (R) = - · ρ ⟶ Se mide en ohmios (Ω).
3.2 – CÁLCULO DE RESISTENCIA Y CAPACIDAD EQUIVALENTE
RESISTENCIA:
• Resistencias en serie ⟶ R12 = R1 + R2
% % %
• Resistencias en paralelo ⟶ = +
45# 45 4#
CAPACIDAD:
% % %
• Condensadores en serie ⟶ = +
85# 85 8#
• Condensadores en paralelo ⟶ C12 = C1 + C2
3.3 – APLICACIÓN DE LAS LEYES DE KIRCHOFF
Las leyes de Kirchoff son aplicables a circuitos de corriente continua.
LEY DE NODOS:
El sumatorio total de intensidades entrantes en un nodo es igual al sumatorio total de las intensida-
des que salen del mismo nodo.
LEY DE MALLAS:
El sumatorio del potencial producido por las baterías del circuito se iguala al sumatorio total de las
resistencias del mismo multiplicadas por el valor de intensidad que las atraviesa.
Σε = Σ I · R
Cálculo de la diferencia de potencial ⟶ ΔV = Σ R · I – Σε
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