BIO 210- EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION 2025
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BIO 210- EXM 2
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BIO 210- EXM 2
BIO 210- EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION 2025
Ch. 5 Define metabolism and describe the fundamental difference between anabolism and catabolism - Answers -Metabolism is involved with the buildup and breakdown of macromolecules within a cell; these chemical reactions provide ener...
BIO 210- EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION 2025
Ch. 5 Define metabolism and describe the fundamental difference between anabolism and catabolism -
Answers -Metabolism is involved with the buildup and breakdown of macromolecules within a cell;
these chemical reactions provide energy and create substances that sustain life
-Catabolism: breaks down complex molecules; provides energy and building blocks for anabolism;
EXERgonic
-Anabolism: uses energy and building blocks to build complex molecules; ENDERgonic
Ch. 5 Identify the role of ATP as an intermediate between catabolism and anabolism - Answers 1.
catabolism releases energy by oxidation of molecule
2. energy is stored in molecules of ATP
3. anabolism uses energy to synthesize macromolecules that make up the cell
4. energy is released by hydrolysis of ATP
Ch. 5 Identify the components of an enzyme. What is a coenzyme? - Answers -apoenzyme: protein
portion
- cofactor: nonprotein part
- holoenzyme: apoenzyme plus cofactor
-coenzyme: organic cofactor
Ch. 5 Describe the mechanism of a enzymatic action - Answers A substrate binds to the active site on the
protein to create a enzyme-substrate complex. Then the substrate is created into a product and the
process starts all over again.
"lock and key"
Ch. 5 List the factors that influence enzymatic activity. What happens to an enzyme below its optimal
temperature? Above its optimal temperature? - Answers Factors:
- temperature
- pH (7 is neutral)
- substrate concentration
- inhibitors
Below = molecules move slowly and don't have enough energy to cause chemical reactions
, Above = denatures the proteins and reaction rate falls
Ch. 5 Distinguish competitive and noncompetitive inhibition - Answers -competitive: fill the active site of
an enzyme (compete with substrate for active site); can be reversible (can be overcome by increasing
the concentration of the substrate) or irreversible.
-noncompetitive: interact with another part of the enzyme (allosteric site) in a process called allosteric
inhibition; causes the active site to change its shape making it non-functional; reversible IF the active
site can return to its original shape
Ch. 5 Explain the term oxidation-reduction. Why is glucose such an important molecule for organisms? -
Answers -oxidation-reduction: oxidation is the removal of electrons from an atom/molecule (produces
energy); reduction is adding electrons to an atom/substance. These reactions are ALWAYS paired; does
NOT require oxygen.
- Glucose is a highly reduced compound containing a large amount of potential energy because it has so
many hydrogen atoms.
Ch. 5 Provide examples of two types of phosphorylation reactions that generate ATP - Answers 1.
Substrate-level phosphorylation: ATP is generated when a high energy P is transferred from a
phosphorylated compound to ADP
2. Oxidative phosphorylation: electrons are passed from organic compounds to electron carriers and
brought to ETC to generate ATP
Ch. 5 Explain the overall function of metabolic pathways - Answers To break down larger components
through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions to extract energy from organic compounds and store it
in ATP
Describe the chemical reactions of glycolysis - Answers Step 1: Glucose enter cell & is phosphorylated
which requires a molecule of ATP creating G6P.
Step 2: G6P is rearranged to form Fructose 6P
Step 3: Another ATP molecule is used to form Fructose 1, 6-diphosphate
Step 4: An enzyme splits the sugar into two 3 Carbon molecules (DHAP & GP)
Step 5: DHAP readily converted to GP (reverse can occur too)
Step 6: The next enzyme oxidizes each GP (2 molecules since DHAP can be converted to GP) by the
transfer of 2 hydrogen atoms to NAD+ to form NADH (so 2 NAD+ and 2 NADH) it also converts each GP
to two 3-carbon compounds. These two actions together create a high energy bond between the sugar
and a phosphate of each new compound (P=CCC-P)
Step 7: The high energy P on each is moved to 2 ADP (1 each) forming 2 ATP
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